环境法治与环境污染水平——长江经济带108个城市的例证分析  

Environmental rule of law and environmental pollution levels:Examples from 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

作　　者：李强[1] 刘庆发 LI Qiang;LIU Qingfa(School of Economics,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233030,P.R.China;School of Finance and Economics,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Bengbu 233030,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学经济学院,安徽蚌埠233030 [2]安徽科技学院财经学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期32-45,共14页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“长三角环境治理政策组合绩效评估与优化研究”(21BJL127)。

摘　　要：我国自1973年颁布《关于保护和完善环境的若干规定(试行草案)》以来,中央与地方政府出台了大量环境治理方面的法律法规,业已成为推进我国环境污染治理的重要举措,那么,环保法治能降低环境污染水平吗?文章探究了环境法治对环境污染的影响,并分析了地方环境立法影响环境污染的作用机制,在此基础上,以长江经济带108个城市为样本,选取2003—2017年市级面板数据,采用双重差分法实证检验环境法治对环境污染的影响,并检验了产业升级是环境立法影响环境污染的传导机制,同时通过倾向得分匹配法、分区域层面的实证检验、动态效应检验验证了文章的研究假设,并提出相关政策建议。研究结果表明:地方环境立法显著抑制了环境污染,且通过滞后效应的检验结果也表明地方环境立法对环境污染的抑制作用,意味着地方环境立法的减排效果具有长效机制;对长江经济带上中下游分区域的检验结果也验证了环境立法抑制环境污染的结论,与长江经济带全样本检验结果一致,表明地方环境立法抑制环境污染的效果较为稳健,且通过倾向得分匹配法重新对研究样本进行匹配得到的检验结果也支持了地方环境立法的治污效果;进一步的传导机制研究发现,环境立法通过产业升级抑制了环境污染水平,即产业升级是地方环境立法影响环境污染的传导机制,意味着通过地方环境立法激励企业创新,进而促进产业升级,对环境污染产生了抑制作用。因此,文章最后从全面推动环境治理的法治化进程、健全地方环境立法体系建设、扩大环保领域转移支付力度、保证治理污染资金充足、增加环境保护考核标准、防止出现“运动式”治理模式等方面提出了相应的环境治理政策建议。文章从市级层面视角分析了环境立法对环境污染的机理,并通过实证进行了一系列检验,通过传导�Since the promulgation of “Several Provisions on Protecting and Improving the Environment(Trial Draft)” in 1973, the central and local governments have issued a large number of laws and regulations on environmental governance, which has become an important measure to promote environmental pollution control in China. Then, can the rule of environmental protection reduce the level of environmental pollution? This paper explores the impact of environmental rule by law on environmental pollution, and analyzes the mechanism of local environmental legislation on environmental pollution. On this basis, 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are selected as samples and the municipal panel data from 2003 to 2017 are selected to empirically test the impact of environmental rule by dual difference method. The paper also verifies that industrial upgrading is the transmission mechanism of environmental legislation affecting environmental pollution, and verifies the research results of this paper by means of propensity score matching method, empirical test at sub-regional level and dynamic effect test, and puts forward relevant policy suggestions. The results show that: 1) Local environmental legislation significantly inhibits environmental pollution, and the lag effect test results also show that local environmental legislation inhibits environmental pollution, which means that the emission reduction effect of local environmental legislation has a long-term mechanism;2) The test results of the sub-regions along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt also verify the conclusion that environmental legislation inhibits environmental pollution, which is consistent with the results of the full-sample test of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, indicating that the effect of local environmental legislation on inhibiting environmental pollution is relatively robust. The results obtained by the propensity score matching method also support the pollution control effect of local environmental legislation;

关 键 词：环境立法 环境污染 环境治理 双重差分法 产业升级 传导机制 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学] X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X321[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D922.68[政治法律—法学]