不同间作模式下糯高粱根际土壤特性及产量变化  

Rhizosphere soil characteristics and yield changes of waxy sorghum under different intercropping patterns

作　　者：赵强 章洁琼 汪灿[1] 周棱波[1] 张国兵[1] 彭秋[1] 高杰[1] 彭方丽 张春兰 邵明波[1] ZHAO Qiang;ZHAGN Jie-qiong;WANG Can;ZHOU Ling-bo;ZHANG Guo-bing;PENG Qiu;GAO Jie;PENG Fang-li;ZHANG Chun-lan;SHAO Ming-bo(Institute of Upland Food Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China;Guizhou Province General Station for Agriculture Technology Extension,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农业技术推广总站,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2022年第8期2122-2132,共11页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y122号,黔科合支撑[2020]1Y053号);贵州省特色杂粮产业技术体系建设专项(黔财农[2018]81号);国家谷子高粱产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-B26)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同间作模式对糯高粱根际土壤养分、酶活性、微生物群落及产量的影响,为筛选合理的糯高粱间作模式提供理论依据。【方法】以单作糯高粱(SW)为对照,设糯高粱+花生(WP)、糯高粱+大豆(WS)、糯高粱+辣椒(WC)和糯高粱+红薯(WSP)4种间作处理,于拔节期、开花期和成熟期测定糯高粱根际土壤养分、酶活性及微生物含量,并于成熟期测定糯高粱产量及构成因素。【结果】不同处理间,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均表现为WS>WP>WSP>WC>SW;糯高粱根际土壤过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性从糯高粱拔节期到成熟期均表现为先增加后减少,且均在开花期达最大值,开花期WS、WP、WSP和WC处理下过氧化氢酶活性分别是SW处理的2.25、1.54、1.21和1.06倍,多酚氧化酶活性分别是SW处理的2.38、1.60、1.39和1.12倍,脲酶活性分别是SW处理的1.70、1.67、1.32和1.23倍;糯高粱根际土壤总磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)、细菌PLFA、真菌PLFA、放线菌PLFA、革兰氏阳性菌PLFA和革兰氏阴性菌PLFA含量均表现为WS>WP>WSP>WC>SW。与SW处理相比,WS、WP、WSP、WC处理下糯高粱产量分别降低1.1%、6.7%、7.7%和9.0%,千粒重分别增加35.8%、23.7%、13.8%和7.3%,穗粒数分别增加54.8%、51.4%、41.2%和36.4%,穗长分别增加22.2%、12.9%、8.3%和5.5%。相关分析结果表明,穗长、穗粒数和千粒重与糯高粱根际土壤特性之间均存在极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】合理的间作模式可以改善糯高粱根际土壤微生物群落结构,增加土壤养分,优化糯高粱的穗结构。糯高粱+大豆可能成为糯高粱栽培的理想间作组合。【Objective】The effects of different intercropping patterns on rhizosphere soil nutrient,enzyme activity,microbial community and yield of waxy sorghum were studied to provide a theoretical basis for selection of reasonable intercropping patterns.【Method】Four intercropping patterns of waxy sorghum + peanut(WP),waxy sorghum + soybean(WS),waxy sorghum + pepper(WC) and waxy sorghum + sweet potato(WSP) were selected,with single waxy sorghum(SW) pattern as the control.The rhizosphere soil nutrients,enzyme activities and microbial contents of waxy sorghum were measured at the jointing stage,flowering stage and maturity stage,and the yield and components of waxy sorghum were measured at the maturity stage.【Result】Under different intercropping patterns,the content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were the highest under the WS pattern,followed by those under the WP,WSP,WC and SW patterns.The activity of catalase,polyphenol oxidase and urease of the rhizosphere first increased and then decreased from the jointing to maturity stage,and reached a maximum at the flowering stage.At the flowering stage and relative to the WS rhizosphere,WS,WP,WSP and WC rhyzospheres showed 2.25,1.54,1.21 and 1.06 times catalase activity,2.38,1.60,1.39 and 1.12times polyphenol oxidase activity,and 1.70,1.67,1.32 and 1.23 times urease activity,respectively.The content of total phospholipid fatty acids(PLFA)and of PLFA from bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria in the rhizosphere were the highest under the WS pattern,followed by those under WP,WSP,WC and SW pattern.Compared with those under the SW pattern,the yield of waxy sorghum under the WS,WP,WSP and WC intercropping patterns decreased by 1.1%,6.7%,7.7% and 9.0%,and the 1000 grain weight increased by 35.8%,23.7%,13.8% and 7.3%,respectively.The number of grains per spike increased 54.8%,51.4%,41.2% and 36.4%,and the length of spike increased 22

关 键 词：间作 糯高粱 土壤特性 产量 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]