蒜头果种子形态特征及脂肪酸组成分析  

Variation analysis of seed morphological characteristics and fatty acid composition of Malania oleifera individuals

作　　者：黄晓露[1] 李宝财[1] 骆相华 苏方贵 谢太福 梁文汇[1] HUANG Xiaolu;LI Baocai;LUO Xianghua;SU Fanggui;XIE Taifu;LIANG Wenhui(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization,Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530002,China;Agricultural,Forestry and Water Conservancy Technology Service Center of Zhaiya Village,Fengshan County,Hechi,Guangxi 547603,China;Walnut Research Center of Fengshan County,Hechi,Guangxi 547600,China;Agricultural and Rural Service Center of Longhuo Village,Longlin Autonomous County,Baise,Guangxi 533419,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室,广西南宁530002 [2]凤山县砦牙乡农业林业水利技术服务中心,广西河池547603 [3]凤山县核桃科研开发中心,广西河池547600 [4]隆林各族自治县隆或镇农业农村服务中心,广西百色533419

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2022年第6期663-672,共10页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项“广西蒜头果不同单株叶、果差异分析及优树筛选”(林科202112号);中央预算内投资计划项目“广西国家林木种质资源库建设项目”(2017-450000-02-01-000800)。

摘　　要：为筛选油用、药用优良的蒜头果单株,以广西壮族自治区凤山县、巴马县、田林县和隆林县20个蒜头果单株为研究对象,测定了不同蒜头果单株的种子形态特征和脂肪酸成分含量,分析各性状之间及性状与地理环境因子之间的相关性,结合主成分分析法对蒜头果单株种子进行综合评价,用聚类分析法研究种子性状的地理变异特征。结果表明,不同蒜头果单株的种子形态特征变异系数范围为7.63%~24.67%,干仁含油率及脂肪酸成分含量的变异系数范围为3.69%~24.49%,种子重、仁重和含水率等种子形态特征和棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸等脂肪酸成分含量的变异系数均大于10%。蒜头果出仁率和干仁含油率随纬度和海拔的升高而降低,干仁含油率随经度增加而增大,二十四碳烯酸含量随经度、平均气温和年降水量增加而升高,随海拔升高而降低。干仁含油率越大的种仁二十四碳烯酸含量越高,其他脂肪酸成分含量下降。主成分分析综合排名前5的单株中,LL2的种子形态特征比较突出,种子重和仁重最大;FS5、BM2、FS7和TL1的干仁含油率和二十四碳烯酸含量高,种子纵径较大,仁重较大,综合品质较优。另外,TL3出仁率(83.77%)最高,BM1干仁含油率(66.77%)和二十四碳烯酸含量(49.013%)最高,是单项性状比较优良的单株,皆可作为蒜头果油用、药用方向的选种育种优质资源应用。To screen excellent individuals of Malania oleifera for oil and medicine, the seeds of 20 M. oleifera individuals from Fengshan County, Bama County, Tianlin County, and Longlin County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as research objects. Seed morphological characteristics and fatty acid composition of different individuals were measured and correlation among the character index and geographical environment factor were analyzed. Combined with the results of principal component analysis, the qualities of the different individual seeds tested were comprehensively evaluated. The geographical variation of seed traits was studied using cluster analysis. The results showed that among different M. oleifera individual seeds, the coefficient of variation(C) of seed morphological characteristics were 7.63%-24.67%, and the Cof oil and fatty acid composition contents were 3.69%-24.49%. The Cof seed weight, kernel weight, water content, palmitic acid content, stearic acid ester content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content were more than 10%. The kernel yield and oil content decreased with an increase in latitude and altitude, whereas the oil content increased with an increase in longitude. The erucylacetic acid content increased with an increase in longitude, average temperature, and annual precipitation, and decreased with an increase in altitude. The erucylacetic acid content in the kernel with higher oil content was higher, and the content of other fatty acids decreased. Among the top five seedling individuals in principal component analysis, LL2 had excellent seed morphological characteristics with the highest seed weight and kernel weight. FS5, BM2, FS7, and TL1 had excellent comprehensive quality with high oil content and erucylacetic acid content, large longitudinal diameter, and high kernel weight. In addition, TL3 had excellent single character with the highest kernel yield(83.77%), BM1 had excellent single character with the highest oil content(66.77%) and erucylacetic acid content(49.013%)

关 键 词：蒜头果 广西 二十四碳烯酸 脂肪酸成分 形态特征 主成分分析 

分 类 号：Q944.59[生物学—植物学] S602.4[农业科学—园艺学]