第一恒磨牙异位萌出的临床诊断与治疗  

The treatment and diagnosis of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar

作　　者：杜芹[1] 杨一凡 贾淑娴 李小兵[2] DU Qin;YANG Yifan;JIA Shuxian;LI Xiaobing(Department of Stomatology,Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital,University of Electronic Science and Technology,Chengdu 610072,China;Department of Early Orthodontics,Division of Pediatric Stomatol-ogy,West China College of Stomatology,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学附属四川省人民医院口腔科,四川成都610072 [2]四川大学华西口腔医学院儿童口腔科早期矫治专科,四川成都610041

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2023年第2期77-85,共9页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点研发项目(22ZDYF2835)。

摘　　要：第一恒磨牙异位萌出是早期混合牙列阶段常见的一类错[牙合]畸形,6~10岁的儿童发病率为0.83%~8.7%,并有不断升高的趋势,主要表现为第一恒磨牙萌出的近中阻生,可伴随第二乳磨牙牙根吸收和间隙丧失。第一恒磨牙异位萌出会导致患儿发生第二乳磨牙早失、牙弓发育不足与后牙段牙列严重拥挤等问题,预防及早期干预非常重要。第一恒磨牙异位萌出与牙、牙槽骨及颌骨之间差异性生长发育平衡破坏有关,其病因可分为全身因素、局部因素和医源性因素。在临床中可根据患者病史、临床及影像学检查进行诊断,并采用分牙法、第二乳磨牙远中片切及远中移动第一恒磨牙等方法进行治疗。本文就第一恒磨牙异位萌出的发病率、病因、临床表现、诊断方法以及常用治疗方案进行述评,为临床诊疗提供参考。Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar is a common malocclusion in the early stage of mixed denti⁃tion.The incidence among children aged 6⁃10 years is 0.83%⁃8.7%,with an increasing trend.The main manifestation is mesial impaction of the first permanent molar during eruption,which is accompanied by the loss of root resorption and space loss of the second primary molar.Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molars can lead to underdevelopment of the dental arch and severe crowding of the posterior dentition.Prevention and early intervention are very important.The ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar is related to the disruption of the differential growth and developmental bal⁃ance among the teeth,alveolar bone and jaw.In clinical practice,the diagnosis can be made according to the patient's medical history and clinical and imaging examinations,and the treatment can be performed by dividing the teeth,divid⁃ing the distal slices of the second primary molars,and distally moving the first permanent molars.This paper reviews the incidence,etiology,clinical manifestations,risks of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar,diagnostic meth⁃ods,and common treatment options to provide references for clinical treatment.

关 键 词：错[牙合]畸形 第一恒磨牙 异位萌出 牙根吸收 乳牙早失 间隙维持 早期矫治 第一恒磨牙远中移动 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]