新抗原mRNA肿瘤疫苗在脑胶质瘤治疗中的研究进展  

Research progress of neo-antigen mRNA vaccines in glioma therapy

作　　者：叶立果 綦仰之 陈谦学[1] 田道锋[1] Ye Li-Guo;Qi Yang-Zhi;Chen Qian-Xue;Tian Dao-Feng(Department of Neurosurgery,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430060,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院神经外科,湖北武汉430060

出　　处：《解放军医学杂志》2022年第10期1057-1062,共6页Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

摘　　要：脑胶质瘤是中枢神经系统常见的恶性肿瘤,预后较差,其有效治疗一直是临床的重大挑战。在肿瘤细胞中,遗传不稳定性常导致大量的突变,非同义突变的表达可产生肿瘤特异性抗原,称为新抗原。新抗原具有高度的免疫原性,可激活特异性T细胞产生免疫应答,有可能成为肿瘤免疫治疗的新靶点。在靶向新抗原的肿瘤疫苗中,mRNA疫苗具有易获得、成本较低、安全性高及稳定性好等明显的优势,有望成为抗胶质瘤的有效免疫治疗手段。目前,多个临床试验已经证实了新抗原疫苗的安全性和有效性。本文对新抗原mRNA肿瘤疫苗的研究进展及其在胶质瘤中的应用现状进行综述,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。Glioma is of the most common malignant tumors in the central nervous system.The prognosis of patients is poor,and its effective treatment has always been a major clinical challenge.In tumor cells,genetic instability often leads to a large number of mutations.The expression of nonsynonymous mutations can produce tumor-specific antigens,called neo-antigens,which have high immunogenicity.They could activate specific T cells to produce an immune response and become a new tumor immunotherapy target.Among the tumor vaccines targeting neo-antigens,the mRNA tumor vaccine has obvious advantages:easy access,low cost,high safety,and great stability.Therefore,a neo-antigen mRNA vaccine is likely to become an effective treatment for glioma.At present,some clinical trials have proved the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines.This article reviews the research progress of the neo-antigen tumor mRNA vaccine and its application in glioma therapy,and predict the direction of future research.

关 键 词：新抗原 mRNA肿瘤疫苗 免疫微环境 脑胶质瘤 

分 类 号：R739.4[医药卫生—肿瘤]