青藏高原甘南地区12种青稞栽培品种的染色体核型研究  

Study on the Karyotype of 12 Species of Hulless Barley Cultivated in Gannan Area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：李彪[1] 巩红冬[1] 王奇云 赵成周 LI Biao;GONG Hongdong;WANG Qiyun;ZHAO Chengzhou(Department of chemistry and Life Sciences,Gansu Normal University for Nationalities,Hezuo 747000,China;College of Tibetan Medical,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃民族师范学院,甘肃合作747000 [2]青海大学藏医学院,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《高原科学研究》2022年第3期20-31,共12页Plateau Science Research

基　　金：国家青年科学基金项目(31801281).

摘　　要：文章运用常规压片技术对青藏高原甘南地区的12种青稞栽培种制备根尖细胞中期染色体,并对其进行核型分析。结果表明,12种青稞栽培品种的染色体核型如下:黄青1号为2n=2x=2M+4m+6sm+2m^(sat),核型类型为2B,核型不对称系数为63.41%;甘青7号为2n=2x=14=4M+10m,核型类型为1A,核型不对称系数为54.43%;甘青2号为2n=2x=2M+8m+2sm+2st,核型类型为2B,核型不对称系数为60.63%;甘青8号为2n=2x=14m,核型类型为1A,核型不对称系数为57.69%;黄青2号为2n=2x=2M+6m+6sm,核型类型为2B,核型不对称系数为60.58%;昆仑12号为2n=2x=2M+6m+4sm+2st,核型类型为2A,核型不对称系数为62.65%;碌曲紫青稞为2n=2x=8m+2sm+2msat+2sm^(sat),核型类型为2A,核型不对称系数为59.18%;六棱黑青稞为2n=2x=12m+2st,核型类型为2B,核型不对称系数61.85%;康青3号为2n=2x=12m+2sm,核型类型为2A,核型不对称系数58.89%;肚里黄为2n=2x=2M+6m+4sm+2st,核型类型为2A,核型不对称系数为61.54%;甘青6号为2n=2x=2M+12m,核型类型为2A,核型不对称系数为59.62%;甘青4号为2n=2x=8m+4sm+2m^(sat),核型类型为2A,核型不对称系数为59.33%。青藏高原甘南地区青稞栽培品种的亲缘关系从原始到进化依次是甘青7号、甘青8号、康青3号、碌曲紫青稞、甘青4号、甘青6号、肚里黄、昆仑12号、黄青2号、甘青2号、六棱黑青稞、黄青1号。Objective:Prepare chromosomes from 12 species of hulless barley in the Gannan area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and analyze their karyotypes.Methods:This study used conventional tableting techniques.Results:Their karyotypes varied as follows:Huangqing No.1 was 2n=2x=2M+4m+6sm+2m^(sat),2B,and 63.41%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;The Ganqing No.7 waskaryotype 2n=2x=4M+10m,1A karyotype,and 54.43%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;Ganqing No.2 was 2n=2x=2M+8m+2sm+2st,2B karyotype,and 60.63%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;Ganqing No.8 was 2n=2x=14m,1A karyotype,and 57.69%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;Huangqing No.2 was 2n=2x=2M+8m+4sm,2B karyotype,and 60.58%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;Kunlun No.12 was 2n=2x=2M+6m+4sm+2st,2A karyotype,and 62.65%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;The Luqu purple hulless barley was 2n=2x=8m+2sm+2m^(sat)+2sm^(sat),2A karyotype,and 59.18%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;The Six-sided black hulless barley was 2n=2x=12m+2st,2B karyotype,and 61.85%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;Kangqing No.3 was 2n=2x=12m+2sm,2A karyotype,and 58.89%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;Dulihuang was 2n=2x=2M+6m+4sm+2st,2A karyotype,and 61.54%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;Ganqing No.6 was 2n=2x=2M+12m,2A karyotype,and 59.62%karyotype asymmetry coefficient;Ganqing No.4 was 2n=2x=8m+4sm+2m^(sat),2A karyotype,and 59.33%karyotype asymmetry coefficient.Conclusion:The genetic relationship of highland barley cultivars in the Gannan area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from primitive to evolution was Ganqing No.7,Ganqing No.8,Kangqing No.3,Luqu purple hulless barley,Ganqing No.4,Ganqing No.6,Dulihuang,Kunlun No.12,Huangqing No.2,Ganqing No.2,Six-sided black hulless barley,and Huangqing No.1.

关 键 词：青稞 染色体 核型 进化趋势 亲缘关系 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]