饲粮精粗比对牦牛瘤胃菌群结构的影响  

Effect of concentrate to roughage ratios on rumen flora structure in yaks

作　　者：庞凯悦 柴沙驼[1] 王迅[1] 孙璐[1] 崔占鸿[1] 刘书杰[1] 王书祥 杨英魁 PANG Kaiyue;CHAI Shatuo;WANG Xun;SUN Lu;CUI Zhanhong;LIU Shujie;WANG Shuxiang;YANG Yingkui(Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University/Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province/Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省高原放牧家畜营养与饲料科学重点实验室/青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第10期2201-2210,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：农牧交错带牛羊牧繁农育关键技术集成示范(16200158)。

摘　　要：为了探讨饲粮精粗比对牦牛瘤胃菌群结构的影响。试验选取36头体重相近、健康的雄性牦牛,随机分为3组,每组12头。各试验组分别饲喂精粗比为50:50 (A组)、65:35 (B组)和80:20 (C组)的饲粮,预试期为15 d,正试期为90 d。在正试期第90天,晨饲前经口腔采集瘤胃液,利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术分析瘤胃液的菌群结构。结果表明:1) 3组共产生3 354个操作分类单元(OTU),其中共有OTU为1 851个,占总OTU数目的 55.19%;瘤胃液细菌的物种数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数及谱系多样性随饲粮精粗比的提高呈显著线性降低(P <0.05)。2)在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度与饲粮精粗比呈显著线性正相关关系(P <0.05),而拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度呈显著负相关关系(P <0.05);试验B组的疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的相对丰度显著高于其他两组(P <0.05)。3)在属水平上,随着饲粮精粗比的提高,普雷沃菌属_1 (Prevotella_1)、瘤胃球菌科NK4A214菌属(Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group)和聚乙酸菌属(Acetitomaculum)的相对丰度呈显著线性提高(P <0.05),而瘤胃球菌属_2 (Ruminococcus_2)和螺菌科NK3A20菌属(Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group)的相对丰度呈显著线性降低(P <0.05)。综上所述,饲粮精粗比显著影响了牦牛瘤胃细菌的总数与多样性,高精粗比饲粮条件下,瘤胃中部分纤维降解菌的生长受到抑制。The objective was to investigate the effects of concentrate to roughage ratio on rumen flora structure in yaks.Thirty-six healthy male yaks of similar weight were randomly assigned to three groups of 12 animals, each. The groups were fed a 50 : 50(A group), 65 : 35(B group), and 80 : 20(C group) concentrate to roughage ratios, respectively, for a preliminary period of 15 d and an experimental period of 90 d. Before morning feeding on the 90th day of the trial period,rumen fluid was collected by gavage, and rumen microbial community structures were analyzed using 16Sr DNA highthroughput sequencing. The results showed the following: 1) a total of 3 354 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) were established, of which 1 851 OTUs were shared between the treatment groups, accounting for 55.19% of the total number;the number of species, Chao1 index, Shannon index, and a PD whole tree of rumen bacteria showed a significant linear decrease with increasing diet concentrate to roughage ratios(P < 0.05). 2) At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria was significantly and linearly positively correlated(P < 0.05) with the ration concentrate to roughage ratio. By contrast, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased significantly and linearly(P < 0.05) with the increase of the diet concentrate ratio;the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was significantly higher in test group B(P < 0.05) than in the other two groups. The relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. 3) At the genus level, with the increase of diet concentrate to roughage ratios, the relative abundances of Prevotella_1, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, and Acetitomaculum showed a significant linear increase(P < 0.05),while the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_2 and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20 group were significantly decreased(P <0.05). In conclusion, the total number and diversity of rumen bacteria in yaks were significantly influenced by the ratio of concentrate to roughage,

关 键 词：牦牛 精饲料 粗饲料 瘤胃 16S rDNA 菌群结构 多样性 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]