土广东、东山客族与四川客家——洛带闽粤赣移民后裔的身份变迁  

Tu Guangdong,Dongshan Kezu and Sichuan Hakka:The Identity Change of the Immigrants in Luodai

作　　者：李思睿 Li Sirui(School of History and Culture,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学历史文化学院民族学院,重庆北碚400715

出　　处：《民族学刊》2022年第5期122-129,144,共9页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目青年基金项目“乌江流域民族地区族群关系与国家治理研究”(19YJC850003)阶段性成果;2016年重庆大学“中国人类学博士论文田野调查奖助金”的资助。

摘　　要：洛带是成都周边以客家旅游为主要特色的知名古镇,洛带的闽粤赣移民后裔在旅游开发前后发生了从“土广东”到“客家人”这一族群名称和认同的变化。本文指出,首先,在四川客家研究中,要区别“湖广填四川”移民运动中闽粤赣移民的移民史,及其后裔成为土广东的认同的历史。在清代至民国时期移民的本土化过程中,洛带的闽粤赣移民后裔与湖广移民后裔之间的族群互动,促使土广东这一族群形成。其次,四川客家族群形成受到整体性的客家族群形成和地方文化精英等多重因素的影响。20世纪40年代“东山客族”的名称出现,主要受到“民系-文化”客家研究范式的影响;1999年开始,土广东这一族群名称变为了客家人,该变化体现了全球性的客家网络、地方发展、文化精英对于族群形成和认同重塑的共同作用。This article is based on an ethnographic study of the Hakka community in Luodai,a heritage town in Chengdu,Sichuan Province of China,and the focus of the analysis is on ethnogenesis.Placed in historical and global contexts,the study tried to trace how the Hakka in Luodai(who are descendants of immigrants from Southeastern provinces of China,hereinafter referred to as“the Hakka in Luodai”)engaged in local development through(1)mobilizing support from the transnational network of people of Hakka descent,and(2)utilizing local culture to facilitate an indigenously-based ethnic imagination for reconstructing their ethnicity.These developments lead to the transformation of the ethnic label and identification from the so-called“Tu Guangdong”(literal natives from Guangdong)to“Hakka”in Luodai.This thesis attempts to cover the following topics.First,this paper studies migration from the Southeastern provinces of China amidst the massive migration that took place in the Qing Dynasty to better understand how the migrants from Guangdong,Jiangxi,and Fujian became“Tu Guangdong”.The interaction between the descendants of migrants from the Southeastern provinces and those from other provinces contributed to the emergence of the“Tu Guangdong”identification between the Qing Dynasty and the first half of the 20th century.Second,this paper examines the process of formation of the Hakka identity in Luodai in the context of globalization.In the 1940s,under the influence of the research paradigm of“Minxi-Culture”established by Luo Xianglin,there were sporadic studies on the descendants of immigrants,which were called“Dongshan Hakka”.Research projects during this period began to pay attention to the cultural characteristics of the immigrants in the eastern suburbs of Chengdu,and they mainly studied and discussed them from the aspects of customs and language.In the 1990s,these characteristics of language and customs became the source of excavating local culture.Third,the change of the group label from“Tu Guan

关 键 词：四川客家 族群形成 身份认同 洛带 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]