家养林麝饲用植物叶养分特征和营养价值综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutrient Characteristics and Nutritive Value of Forage Plant Leaves for Captive Forest Musk Deer(Moschus berezovskii)

作　　者：王永奇[1] 李斐然[1] WANG Yongqi;LI Feiran(Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi’an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省动物研究所,西安710032

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第10期6654-6664,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：陕西省科技厅农业一般项目(2020NY-018)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究家养林麝饲用植物叶养分特征和营养价值,为其不同生理状态下饲粮配制和饲料资源库建立提供基础数据。按国标规定的饲料概略养分分析法测定家养林麝采食的21种野生植物饲用部位养分含量,并进行适口性调查及营养类型划分;采用聚类及主成分分析法进行相似性分析和营养价值综合评价。结果显示:1)家养林麝采食的21种野生植物隶属11个目,13个科,17个属,其中乐食种类占9.52%,喜食种类占23.81%,嗜食种类占66.67%;饲用部位平均干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物及粗灰分含量分别为(30.42±1.85)%、(16.18±5.59)%、(10.71±3.03)%、(4.55±2.69)%、(50.81±7.83)%及(8.24±3.96)%。2)植物营养类型可划分为7类,即氮型(14.29%)、氮碳型(57.14%)、碳氮型(9.52%)以及碳型、氮-灰分型、灰分-氮型和氮碳-灰分型(19.04%)。3)综合评定营养价值依次为细齿樱桃>广布野豌豆>藜>薄叶铁线莲>白桦>披针叶胡颓子>梾木>皂柳>高丛珍珠梅>沙棘>猕猴桃腾山柳>美花铁线莲、红桦>高山柳>多叶勾儿茶>微毛樱桃、楤木>直穗小孽>疏花槭>陇东海棠>湖北华楸,该结果与聚类分析结果具有较高的一致性。综上所述,家养林麝可饲用植物性饲料类别较为丰富,种属分布广;风干基础粗纤维含量均低于18%,属粗纤维含量低、粗蛋白质含量高的非粗饲料类型,无氮浸出物含量高于50%的种类占71.43%,普遍具有可消化养分高的营养特性;喜食、嗜食植物种类高达90.48%,基本上属适口性好、喜食度高的饲料类型,生产中可广泛使用;营养类型中氮碳型种类最多,其次为氮型,此类饲料可为林麝提供大量碳源和氮源。The purpose of this experiment was to study the nutrient characteristics and nutritive value of forage plant leaves of captive forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii),and to provide the basic data for the diet formulation and establishment of feed resources in different physiological stages.According to the national standard,the nutrient contents of 21 wild plant feeding parts fed by captive forest musk deer were measured,the palatability was investigated and nutritional types were classified;the similarity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of nutritive value were carried out by the mothed of cluster analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed as follows:1)there were 11 orders,13 families and 17 genera in 21 wild plant fed by captive forest musk deer,among which 9.52%were willing to eat,23.81%were like to eat,and 66.67%were favorite to eat;the average contents of dry matter,crude protein,crude fiber,crude fat,nitrogen-free extract and crude ash were(30.42±1.85)%,(16.18±5.59)%,(10.71±3.03)%,(4.55±2.69)%,(50.81±7.83)%and(8.24±3.96)%,respectively.2)The plants could be classified into 7 nutritional types:nitrogen type(14.29%),nitrogen-carbon type(57.14%),carbon-nitrogen type(9.52%)and carbon type,nitrogen-ash type,ash-nitrogen type and nitrogen carbon-ash type(19.04%).3)The comprehensive evaluation nutritive values were as follows:Cerasus serrula>Vicia cracca>Chenopodium album>Clematis gracilifolia>Betula platyphylla>Elaeagnus lanceolata>Cornus macrophylla>Salix wallichiana>Sorbaria arborea>Hippophae rhamnoides>Clematoclethra actinidioides>Clematis potaninii and Betula albo-sinensis>Salix cupularis>Berchemia polyphylla>Cerasus clarofolia and Aralia chinensis>Berberis dasystachya>Acer laxiflorum>Malus kansuensis>Sorbus hupehensis,which was highly consistent with the result of cluster analysis.In summary,the forage plant feed belong to many families and genera,the species are widely distributed;the crude fiber content of air-dried base is lower than 18%,which belong to the non-roughage type wit

关 键 词：林麝 养分特征 营养类型 营养价值 综合评价 

分 类 号：S865.41[农业科学—野生动物驯养]