19世纪初期的留德学生与美国文化独立的先声  

The American Overseas Students in Germany in the Early 19th Century and the Prelude to the Cultural Independence of America

作　　者：高岳 GAO Yue(School of History and Culture,Changchun,Jilin,130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《史学集刊》2022年第6期106-117,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：19世纪初期到德国留学的美国学生,有感于德意志知识精英推动的知识传播、公众道德的提升对民族文化振兴和统一的德意志精神的塑造,学成归国后在美国引入了现代大学精神,倡导对古希腊经典文献的研究,从而培养知识精英,引领社区自治精神,建构美利坚的民族性格。德国的历史哲学使留德学生意识到文化的民族性,因此在他们对德国文化的借鉴中,吸收了能够塑造公民美德的元素,以利于维护共和精神。留德美国青年在对美利坚民族历史的书写中,融和了德国哲学家赫尔德的人道观念,从而凸显了美利坚民族的特性。留德美国青年对德意志文化进行了有选择性的借鉴,并与美国的本土现实相结合,从而引领了美国文化独立的先声。In the early 19th century, American students who studied in Germany universities realized the role of dissemination of knowledge and the improvement of public morality promoted by the German intellectual elites in the revival of national culture and shaping of a united German spirit. After their graduation and returning home, they introduced the free spirit of modern university and advocated the study of ancient Greek classics, so as to cultivate the intellectual elites, to lead the spirit of community autonomy and to build the national spirit. The historical philosophy of Germany made them aware of the national nature of culture. Therefore, in their reference to German culture, they absorbed the elements that can shape the civic virtue which were necessary to the republican spirit. In writing the history of the American nation, the American youth who ever studied in Germany integrated the definition of humantiy from the German philosopher Herder, thus highlighting the American national character. The American overseas students selectively assimilated the German culture according to the need of American society, and they were the first advocators of American cultural independence.

关 键 词：美国留学生 德意志文化 美国 文化独立 

分 类 号：G648.9[文化科学—高等教育学] K712.42[文化科学—教育学]