生酮饮食控体重及对竞技运动表现的影响  

Effects of Ketogenic Diets on Weight Control and Athletic Performance

作　　者：余今红 刘军[2] YU Jinhong;LIU Jun(Graduate Department,Xi’an Physical Education University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710068;School of Sports and Health Sciences,Xi’an Physical Education University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710068)

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院研究生部,陕西西安710068 [2]西安体育学院运动与健康科学学院,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《绍兴文理学院学报》2022年第10期108-115,共8页Journal of Shaoxing University

基　　金：2020年度国家级大学生创新创业计划项目“健康中国背景下,精准化肥胖干预中心的创立”(S202010727006X).

摘　　要：生酮饮食(Ketogenic Diets,KD)是一种高脂肪、极低碳水化合物和适量蛋白质的饮食策略,在难治性癫痫、2型糖尿病和重症肥胖治疗中取得了较好的效果.许多运动员也希望通过KD控制体重或提高运动表现.在提升耐力运动表现方面,KD可以通过提高脂肪氧化速率和节约肌糖原,延长运动时间,但因酮适应时间、运动强度及补充内源性碳水化合物等因素导致研究效果不一致.在体重控制方面,KD可以有效降低体脂,但酮体浓度的升高不利于肌肉生成.在爆发力运动表现提升方面,KD可能通过改善身体成分提高力量体重比,但对力量表现提升还存有争议.本文旨在对目前KD在竞技体育控体重以及对耐力、爆发力项目运动表现的影响做一综述,以期为KD在竞技体育中的进一步应用提供参考.Ketogenic diets(KD)are a high-fat,very low-carbohydrate and moderate-protein diet strategy that has achieved good results in the treatment of refractory epilepsy,type 2 diabetes and severe obesity.Many athletes also hope to control weight or improve athletic performance with the KD.In terms of improving endurance performance,KD can prolong exercise time by increasing lipid oxidation rate and saving muscle glycogen,but the research results are inconsistent due to factors such as ketone adaptation time,exercise intensity and supplementation of endogenous carbohydrates.When it comes to weight control,KD can effectively reduce body fat,but increased ketone body concentration is disadvantageous to myogenesis.As far as explosive athletic performance improvement is concerned,KD may strengthen the strength-to-weight ratio by improving body composition,but there is controversy over the preference for strength performance.The purpose of this paper is to review the current influence of KD on weight control and on the performance of endurance and explosive force in competitive sports,in order to provide reference for further application of KD in competitive sports.

关 键 词：生酮饮食 体重 运动表现 耐力 爆发力 

分 类 号：G804.3[文化科学—运动人体科学]