芝麻种间杂交亲和性差异及杂种生物学特征分析  

Analysis of Cross Compatibility Variation Among Diverse Sesamum Species and Biological Characteristics of the Interspecific Hybrid Progenies

作　　者：琚铭[1] 苗红梅[1] 黄盈盈 马琴[1] 王慧丽[1] 王翠英 段迎辉[1] 韩秀花[1] 张海洋[1] JU Ming;MIAO HongMei;HUANG YingYing;MA Qin;WANG HuiLi;WANG CuiYing;DUAN YingHui;HAN XiuHua;ZHANG HaiYang(Henan Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics/Shennong Laboratory,Zhengzhou 450002)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心/河南省特色油料基因组学重点实验室/神农种业实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第20期3897-3909,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业(特色油料)产业技术体系(CARS-14);河南省重大科技专项(201300110600);中原科学家工作室建设项目(092101211100、214400510026);中原科技创新领军人才项目(214200510020);河南省农业科学院优秀青年项目(2020YQ19);科技创新团队项目(2022TD05);科技创新创意项目(2020CX02);自主创新项目(2021ZC70)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索芝麻不同种之间的杂交亲和性,分析其杂种的生物学特征,为芝麻野生种种质资源高效利用提供依据。【方法】以芝麻栽培种豫芝11号(S.indicum,2n=26)和S.latifolium(2n=32)、S.calycinum(2n=32)、S.angustifolium(2n=32)、S.radiatum(2n=64)等4个野生种为亲本材料,采用双列杂交方法,通过田间人工授粉配置不同种间组合;结合胚拯救方法获得种间杂种F。根据杂交结蒴率比较组合杂交亲和性;在盛花期和成熟期观察杂种植物学性状特征,利用Alexander染色法进行花粉粒育性鉴定。通过根尖细胞染色体涂片明确杂种染色体数目及特征。选用自主筛选的胡麻属特异多态性SSR引物,分析种间杂种分子标记差异。【结果】配置了5个芝麻种间的20个正、反交组合,共授粉2091朵花,获得杂交蒴果370个。发现以染色体数目多的种为母本更易获得远缘杂交蒴果。5个芝麻种之间杂交亲和性的变化范围为1.18%(S.radiatum×S.calycinum)—63.33%(S.calycinum×S.angustifolium)。共有9个杂交组合获得杂种F种子,F植株的花粉败育率为35.21%—100.00%,其中,S.calycinum与S.angustifolium杂交组合F的可育株比例最高,为87.68%。杂种F在株高、株型等性状方面均表现出明显的超亲优势。栽培种与各野生种的正反交杂种F在叶型、花型和花色表现出双亲的局部特征。栽培种芝麻(n=13)与具有n=16染色体组型的3个野生种的杂交亲和性依次为S.angustifolium>S.calycinum>S.latifolium;野生种S.radiatum(n=32)与n=16染色体组的3个野生种的亲和性依次为S.calycinum>S.angustifolium>S.latifolium。在5个种中,野生种S.calycinum与S.angustifolium的亲缘关系相对最近。获得的部分杂种植株根尖细胞染色体数目观察显示,杂种的染色体数目与理论值一致。利用3对多态性SSR引物对F植株的分子鉴定结果显示,真杂种比例为99.66%。杂种染色体核型和特异SSR标记结果显示出胡麻属不同�【Objective】The research aims to explore the cross compatibility between different Sesamum species and analyze the biological characteristics of interspecies hybrid progeny so as to supply the foundation for efficient application of wild sesame species.【Method】A sesame cultivar Yuzhi 11(S.indicum,2n=26)and 4 wild Sesamum species including S.latifolium(2n=32),S.calycinum(2n=32),S.angustifolium(2n=32),and S.radiatum(2n=64)were applied to construct interspecies cross combinations using diallel hybridization method by artificial pollination in the field.Embryo rescue method was also used to obtain interspecific hybrid F.Interspecific hybrid compatibility was compared based on hybrid capsule formation rate.Botanical characters of hybrids were observed during flowering and mature stages.Pollen fertility was assessed using Alexander staining method.Chromosome number and karyotype characteristics of root somatic cells of hybrids were observed using smear chromosome preparation technique.Specific and polymorphic SSR primers in Sesamum were used to analyze the molecular difference in interspecific hybrids.【Result】Twenty positive and reciprocal cross combinations were constructed for the 5 Sesamum species.A total of 2091 flowers were pollinated and 370 hybrid capsules were harvested.As to the female parents with more chromosomes,hybrid capsules were more easily obtained.The cross compatibility among the 5 Sesamum species significantly varied from 1.18%(S.radiatum×S.calycinum)to 63.33%(S.calycinum×S.angustifolium).Fplants of 9 combinations produced hybrid seeds,while the ratio of pollen sterility of Fprogeny ranged from 35.21%-100.00%.The cross S.calycinum×S.angustifolium presented the highest sterility ratio to 87.68%.Hybrid progeny exhibited the obvious heterosis over parents in plant height,plant type,and some key agronomic traits.As to the positive and reciprocal hybrid Fderived from sesame cultivar and the wild species,leaf shape,flower shape,and flower color showed partial characters of both parents.The c

关 键 词：芝麻 野生种 种间杂交 生物学特征 分子鉴定 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]