与神诀别:人性的觉醒与自缚--从四则撒哈拉以南非洲的天地分离神话谈起  

Farewell to God:Awakening and Self-binding of Humanity--On Four Myths of the Separation of Heaven and Earth in Sub-Saharan Africa

作　　者：郑芩 Zheng Qin(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《长江大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期1-5,共5页Journal of Yangtze University（Social Sciences Edition）

摘　　要：撒哈拉以南非洲地区的“天堂型”天地分离神话承载着人类自我认知的发展历程,神话中神人关系亲密祥和的乐园时期因人类的贪欲与抗争而终结。神人、天地的分离,标志着人类从未觉生死、不分彼此的自在阶段,迈向对自我能动性与局限性辩证共存的自觉反思,其中的路向有二:就“纵向”的神人关系而言,人类自力更生的“生之所依”终受限于无可辩驳的“死之所由”;就“横向”的人际关系而论,神人两隔后出现的中介者形象成为统治者建构权力体系的神圣资源,藉此催生的社会等级秩序在标识人类文明进步的同时,亦隐伏招致世间剥削与纷争的祸根。上述二律背反性昭示出人类生存发展的原型困境,人性的觉醒与自缚始终相伴而生,不仅指向过去,且永恒地投向未来。The“paradise type”myth of the separation of heaven and earth in sub-Saharan Africa reflects the development process of human self-cognition.In the myth,the paradise period of the intimate and peaceful relationship between god and men ended due to human greed and resistance.The separation of god and men as well as heaven and earth indicates that human have moved from the comfortable stage when they were not conscious of life and death and had no sense of the distinction of self and others,towards a conscious reflection on the dialectical coexistence of subjective initiative and limitation.The way forward in this process is twofold:as for the“vertical”relationship between god and men,the autonomy of human self-reliance is ultimately limited by the indisputable fate of death,while in terms of the“horizontal”interpersonal relationship,the intermediary that had appeared after the separation of god and men became the sacred resource for the rulers to construct the power system,by which the generated social hierarchical order not only marks the progress of human civilization,but also hides the bane of exploitation and disputes in the world.The above antinomy reveals the prototype dilemma of human survival and development,i.e.the awakening and self-binding of human nature are always accompanied by each other,not only pointing to the past,but also to the eternal future.

关 键 词：非洲神话 天地分离 人性觉醒 中介者 等级秩序 

分 类 号：B932[哲学宗教—宗教学]