多源流视域下东南亚国家早期儿童教育治理政策探析  

Analysis on the Early Childhood Education Governance Policies in Southeast Asian Countries from the Perspective of Multiple-streams Framework

作　　者：尹雅丽[1,2] 赵昱迪 马早明 YIN Yali;ZHAO Yudi;MA Zaoming(School of Foreign Languages,Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou,Jiangxi,341000,China;School of Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510631,China;Center for Timor-Leste Studies/Center for Southeast Asian Culture and Education Studies,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510631,China)

机构地区：[1]赣南师范大学外国语学院,江西赣州341000 [2]华南师范大学教育科学学院,广东广州510631 [3]教育部华南师范大学东帝汶研究中心/国家民委东南亚文化教育研究中心,广东广州510631

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2022年第11期65-81,共17页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：教育部教育管理信息中心重大委托课题“东南亚地区教育战略行动研究及其数据库建设”(编号:EMIC-YJC-2022012);江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目“城乡一体化背景下义务教育教师交流轮岗体制与机制研究”(编号:JY21125);江西省基础教育课题“教育惩戒视域下农村寄宿制学校学生规则意识培育的研究”(编号:SZUGSZH 2021-1148)。

摘　　要：早期儿童教育作为公共服务的重要组成部分,受到各国政策制定者和公众的高度重视,是公共政策治理体系建设中的重点领域。东南亚国家随着社会经济的不断发展,结合国际视野、立足本土特色,在早期儿童教育治理的政策决策、管理体制等方面不断探索,早期儿童教育服务水准得以较大改善。基于多源流理论对东南亚国家早期儿童教育治理政策展开分析发现:贫困带来的儿童受教育权利危机、人口老龄化、家庭结构与劳动力分工等社会变革交叠影响促使有关问题进入政策视野,形成问题源流;各大国际组织、各国政府部门的共同推动构成“政策原汤”;在政府引导与各方利益主体诉求下生成政治源流;问题源流、政策源流和政治源流彼此嵌套,最终实现“三流耦合”,通过入法、政策修订等过程,成功开启了东南亚国家早期儿童教育治理的“政策之窗”。目前,早期托育服务和学前教育是我国教育系统中相对薄弱的环节,存在诸多短板且处于新发展阶段的改革窗口期,早期教育治理体系亟待完善。借鉴东南亚国家的经验,坚持多角度分析问题、明确政策共同体职责,以及注重“政策溢出”的外部影响力,是今后我国早期儿童教育改革政策议程的可行路向。As an important part of public services, early childhood education is highly valued by policy makers and the public in various countries, and it is a key area in the construction of public policy governance system.With the continuous development of social economy, Southeast Asian countries have been exploring the policy decisions and management system of early childhood education governance with international vision and local characteristics, and the standard of early childhood education services have been greatly improved.Based on the multiple-streams theory, the analysis of the governance policies of early childhood education in Southeast Asian countries has found that the overlapping influence of social changes such as the crisis of child’s right to education, the population aging, the family structure and the division of labor caused by poverty prompt relevant issues into the policy vision and shape the source of the problem;the joint promotion of major international organizations and national government departments constitutes the "original soup of policy ",which generates political sources under the guidance of the government and the demands of various stakeholders;problem streams, policy streams and political streams are nested with each other, and finally achieve "third-rate coupling";through the process of law entry and policy revision, it has successfully opened the "policy window " for the governance of early childhood education in Southeast Asian countries.At present, early childcare services and preschool education are relatively weak areas in China’s education system, and there are many shortcomings and they are in the reform window of the new development stage, and the early education governance system needs to be improved urgently.Combined with the experience and practices of Southeast Asian countries, the feasible directions of the policy agenda of China’s early childhood education reform in the future are to analyze the problems from multiple angles, clarify the responsibilities of the pol

关 键 词：多源流理论 早期儿童教育 东南亚国家 

分 类 号：G619.1[文化科学—学前教育学]