瘦肉型猪基因组中ROH的应用及研究进展  

Current Knowledge and Application of Runs of Homozygosity in the Commercial Lean Pig Genome

作　　者：李桂新 王诗媛 杨杰 王小鹏 郑恩琴 LI Guixin;WANG Shiyuan;YANG Jie;WANG Xiaopeng;ZHENG Enqin(College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学动物科学学院,国家生猪种业工程技术研究中心,广东广州510642

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2022年第10期1-7,共7页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队(2021KJ26);广东省级乡村振兴战略专项(200-2018-XMZC-0001-107-0145);广东省自然科学基金(2018B030313011)。

摘　　要：连续性纯合片段(Runs of Homozygosity,ROH)是研究群体历史和性状特征的窗口,被广泛用于检测动物全基因组近交水平和识别基因组选择区域。目前,大量单核苷酸多态性(Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms,SNP)基因型的可用性使得基因组中ROH的特征变得更加准确,但缺乏可靠和统一的ROH分析指南。本文介绍了ROH发展简史、检测软件及参数,综述了ROH在杜洛克、大白、长白、皮特兰猪等商业瘦肉型猪遗传育种中的应用,包括遗传多样性的评估、近交系数的度量、人工选择痕迹的识别和不利ROH的检测,并对ROH在猪育种应用中的发展前景进行了展望。Runs of homozygosity(ROH) are windows into population history and characteristic trait, and are widely used to predict wide-genome inbreeding levels and to identify selected genomic regions in livestock. Currently, the availability of genotypes for a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) allows for more accurate characterisation of ROH,however, a reliable and uniform guideline for ROH analysis is lacking. In this study, we briefly describe the development history, detection software and parameters of ROH. Moreover, we provide a systematic review of the applications of ROH in the genetic breeding of commercial lean pigs, such as Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire and Piétrain pigs which includes the assessment of genetic diversity, measurement of inbreeding coefficients, identification of artificial selection traces and detection of ROH genotypes associated with an unfavorable phenotype. Finally, we provide an insight into the development and application prospects of ROH.

关 键 词：瘦肉型猪 ROH 群体历史 人工选择 不利ROH 

分 类 号：S828.2[农业科学—畜牧学]