缓释型贝类复合饲料的制备及其营养成分分析  

Preparation and Nutrient Composition of Slow-Release Shellfish Compound Feed

作　　者：戴伟 唐皇 卢正义 董少杰 宋伦[2] 毕相东 DAI Wei;TANG Huang;LU Zhengyi;DONG Shaojie;SONG Lun;BI Xiangdong(Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture of Tianjin,Department of Fisheries Sciences,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院,天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津300384 [2]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产科学》2022年第6期992-998,共7页Fisheries Science

基　　金：天津市重点研发计划项目(19YFZCSN00070);天津市高等学校基本科研业务费资助项目(20201601);大连市杰出青年科技人才项目(2019RJ09).

摘　　要：近年来由于贝类养殖规模逐年扩大,导致贝类养殖海区时常发生天然饵料微藻匮乏现象。为通过人工投饵方式应急解决天然饵料微藻供应不足问题,采用压制法制备缓释型贝类复合饲料,并通过四因素三水平L9(3^(4))正交试验优化制备条件,以对其缓释性能及营养成分进行分析。结果表明,缓释型贝类复合饲料最佳制备条件为:复合藻粉、海藻酸钠和2%氯化钙溶液添加质量比为25∶5∶1.25,压制强度87.5 kg/cm^(2)。此条件下制备的缓释型贝类复合饲料在60目网袋中的平均缓释量为1.93 g/d(干质量),可满足17 cm/s流速下人工投喂需求。缓释型贝类复合饲料富含10种水产动物必需氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的42.65%;含有6种不饱和脂肪酸,其中多不饱和脂肪酸占粗脂肪比例为29.92%。由缓释性能和营养成分分析结果可见,缓释型贝类复合饲料适合于自然海区人工投喂滤食性养殖贝类。In recent years,natural microalgae shortage occurs frequently in the shellfish culture area for the expansion of shellfish culture scale.To solve the problem of insufficient supply of natural microalgae using artificial feeding in an emergency,slow-release shellfish compound feed was prepared using crushing method.The preparation conditions of slow-release shellfish compound feed were optimized by L9(3^(4))orthogonal test,and the slow-release property and nutrient composition were analyzed.The results showed that the optimal preparation was observed under conditions of the weight ratio of compound algal powder,sodium alginate and 2%calcium chloride solution=25∶5∶1.25,and the press strength of 87.5 kg/cm^(2).The average daily release of the feed prepared under the optimal conditions in 60 mesh bags was 1.93 g/d(dry weight),which could meet the requirement of artificial feeding at the flow rate of 17 cm/s.The slow-release shellfish compound feed was rich in 10 kinds of essential amino acids for aquatic animals,and the essential amino acid content accounted for 42.65%of the total amino acid content.The slow-release shellfish compound feed contained 6 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids,and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in crude lipid was 29.92%.According to the results of slow-release property and nutrient composition analysis,the slow-release compound feed is suitable for the artificial feeding of filter-feeding shellfish in natural sea area.

关 键 词：缓释 贝类 复合饲料 营养成分 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]