彩虹明樱蛤染色体制备及核型分析  

Chromosome Preparation and Karyotype Analysis of Clam Moerella iridescens

作　　者：冯森磊 任国梁 甘树胜 梁夏菲 段海宝 葛红星 董志国 FENG Senlei;REN Guoliang;GAN Shusheng;LIANG Xiafei;DUAN Haibao;GE Hongxing;DONG Zhiguo(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学,江苏省海洋生物技术重点建设实验室,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《水产科学》2022年第6期1052-1056,共5页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(31101900);农业农村部国家贝类产业技术体系(CARS-49);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究重大项目(18KJA240001);江苏省自然资源发展专项资金(海洋科技创新)资助项目(JSZRHYKJ202008);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目(CX(20)3150);江苏省渔业科技类项目(Y2018-27);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX19_0985,SJCX20_1290)。

摘　　要：彩虹明樱蛤是我国沿海地区重要的小型经济贝类,有关彩虹明樱蛤遗传关系和种质资源状况的研究还鲜有报道,因此对其染色体组型的研究就变得十分重要。为探究彩虹明樱蛤细胞遗传学特征,以彩虹明樱蛤成贝鳃组织为材料,采用热滴片法制片,经秋水仙素浸泡、低渗处理后,采用卡诺氏固定液固定,滴片后用吉姆萨染液染色镜检拍照,利用Nikon NIS-Elements BR 3.1软件测量染色体绝对长度,利用Photoshop软件提取每条染色体,首次获得了彩虹明樱蛤分裂相理想的染色体,统计染色体数目并进行核型分析。试验结果显示,彩虹明樱蛤的染色体数为36条。18对染色体可以分为3种不同类型,即4对中着丝粒染色体(m),8对亚中着丝粒染色体(sm),6对亚端着丝粒染色体(st)。彩虹明樱蛤的核型公式为2n=8m+16sm+12st,染色体臂数NF=72,未见性染色体和随体。本试验结果可为彩虹明樱蛤的遗传育种、种质鉴定和资源保护的研究提供理论基础。The clam Moerella iridescens is an economically important shellfish in China.However,there are few reports on the genetic relationship and germplasm resources of the clam.To explore the cytogenetic characteristics of the clam,accurate genetic and number of chromosomes and its karyotype composition of the clam were investigated.At present,due to the unknown chromosome karyotype of M.iridescens,we prepared gill tissue of M.iridescens as research materials.After treatment with colchicine,and low permeability KCl solution the cell suspension was obtained by dissociation and was fixed by methanol and acetic acid solution.The length and the arm ratio of chromosomes were measured and calculated with Nikon NIS-Elements BR 3.1 software,and the karyotype was arranged with Photoshop software.The ideal chromosome slides were obtained by using the hot drop method.The result showed that the clam had chromosome number of 2n=36,and the 18 pairs of chromosomes were divided into 3 types including 4 pairs of metacentric chromosomes(m),8 pairs of submetacentric chromosome(sm)and 6 pairs of subtelocentric chromosome(st).On the basis of the above experiments,the well dispersed visual field of chromosome was measured by microphotography,and karyotype was analyzed.It was found that the karyotype was 2n=8m+16sm+12st,NF=72,and no heterosome and satellite chromosome were found.The finding provides a useful reference material for understanding of the genetic relationship,an effective method to research bivalve system evolution,and necessary information for further resource protection.

关 键 词：彩虹明樱蛤 染色体 核型 细胞遗传 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学]