硫酸铜对关键食物链环节毒性作用的微宇宙模拟研究  

Microcosmic Simulation Studies of Toxic Effects of Copper Sulfate on Key Food Chain Links

作　　者：彭子乐 王良韬 吴永贵[1,3,4,5] 伍建业 Peng Zile;Wang Liangtao;Wu Yonggui;Wu Jianye(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment of Ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Nanhu Environmental Monitoring Station of Jiaxing,Zhejiang Province,Jiaxing 314001,China;Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Ecological Restoration Technology for Poor Environment,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025 [2]浙江省嘉兴市南湖生态环境监测站,嘉兴314001 [3]贵州喀斯特环境生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,贵阳550025 [4]贵州省劣境生态修复工程技术研究中心,贵阳550025 [5]贵州大学应用生态研究所,贵阳550025

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2022年第4期323-332,共10页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1903501);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52160015);贵州省科技重大专项(2019)3010;贵州省百层次创新人才培养计划(黔科合平台人才[2020]6002)。

摘　　要：水体富营养化及重金属污染是全球水生态系统的2个主要问题,但在受重金属及较高浓度氮(N)、磷(P)复合污染的水体中,重金属对水体富营养化进程中不同关键食物链环节的影响至今未明。通过构建复合污染水体中生产者-初级消费者-次级消费者的微宇宙实验体系进行单向多级围隔试验,研究了不同浓度Cu^(2+)在高浓度N、P条件下对水体富营养化进程中系统内“斜生栅藻—隆线溞—斑马鱼”3个关键食物链环节的环境生物效应,分析不同试验阶段体系内藻密度(O_(484))与叶绿素a(Chl a)、水体COD_(Cr)值与浊度、隆线溞与斑马鱼的存活、摄食活动及死亡率等变化规律。结果表明:(1)高浓度N、P条件下,低浓度Cu^(2+)(0.01 mg·L^(-1))明显促进体系中藻的生长,而对隆线溞和斑马鱼均无明显影响,但围隔内隆线溞对藻的滤食消减使藻的数量始终处于较低水平(试验结束时藻密度为0.041)。(2)高浓度N、P条件下中浓度Cu^(2+)(0.04 mg·L^(-1))的存在对体系内斑马鱼尚未产生明显急性毒性,但对同体系中的隆线溞显示出较强生物毒性(死亡率达80%),尚未死亡的少量个体显示活动能力及滤食能力显著减弱,在高浓度N、P刺激下水生态系统形成斜生栅藻占绝对优势的重度富营养化现象(试验结束时Chl a达874.7μg·L^(-1))。(3)高浓度N、P条件下高浓度Cu^(2+)(0.16 mg·L^(-1))的存在,导致体系内隆线溞在试验开始后全部死亡,且斜生栅藻也受到一定毒害(O_(484)降为0.035),此时的斑马鱼尚未受明显毒害,且受到一定毒害作用的斜生栅藻在试验第5天时开始适应恢复并逐渐显现出水色浓绿的富营养化特征(试验结束时Chl a为378.04μg·L^(-1))。这说明在无毒害物质或少量毒害物质存在条件下,健全的水生生态系统能消纳高浓度N、P带来的胁迫而不易发生富营养化,但在受高浓度N、P复合污染的水体中,毒害物质的输入将是造�Eutrophication and heavy metal pollution are two main problems in the global aquatic ecosystem.However,the effects of heavy metals on different key food chain links in eutrophication process in water polluted by heavy metals and high concentrations of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)remains unclear.A microcosmic experimental system of producer-primary consumer-secondary consumer in a complex polluted water body was conducted to carry out unidirectional multistage enclosure test in this study.The environmental biological effects of different concentrations of Cu^(2+)on the three key food chain links of“Scenedesmus obliquus-Daphnia carinata-Danio rerio”in the process of water eutrophication were studied under the condition of high concentrations of N and P.The changes of algal density(O_(484)),chlorophyll a,COD_(Cr),turbidity,and survival rate,feeding activity and mortality of Daphnia carinata and Danio rerio in different experimental stages were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Under high concentrations of N and P,the low concentration of Cu^(2+)(0.01 mg·L^(-1))significantly promoted the growth of algae in the system,but had no significant effect on Daphnia carinata and Danio rerio,and the number of algae was always at a low level due to the predation of Daphnia carinata in the enclosure(the density of algae was 0.041 at the end of the experiment).(2)Under high concentrations of N and P,the medium concentration of Cu^(2+)(0.04 mg·L^(-1))did not cause acute toxicity to Danio rerio in the system,but showed strong biological toxicity to Daphnia carinata in the same system,the activity and feeding capacity of a small number of surviving individuals were significantly reduced.High concentrations of N and P stimulated the formation of severe eutrophication in the aquatic ecosystem dominated by Scenedesmus obliquus(the Chl a was 874.7μg·L^(-1)at the end of the experiment).(3)Under high concentration of N and P,the presence of high concentration of Cu^(2+)(0.16 mg·L^(-1))led to the death of Daphnia carinata in the

关 键 词：Cu^(2+) 食物链关键环节 急性毒性 富营养化 水生生态系统 单向多级围隔试验 微宇宙实验 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]