微藻光合作用的优化升级助力“双碳”目标  

Optimization and upgradation of microalgal photosynthesis for carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals

作　　者：王松 吴莎 江亚男 胡章立 WANG Song;WU Sha;JIANG Yanan;HU Zhangli(Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering,College of Life Sciences and Oceanography,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China;College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学生命与海洋科学学院,广东省海洋藻类工程技术研究中心,广东深圳518055 [2]深圳大学物理与光电工程学院,广东深圳518060 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458

出　　处：《合成生物学》2022年第5期915-931,共17页Synthetic Biology Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0902500);深圳市可持续发展专项(KCXFZ20211020164013021)。

摘　　要：约25亿年前蓝藻进化出现了生氧光合作用,逐渐改变了空气组分;如今,为了应对不断增长的温室气体排放和日益严峻的环境问题,在地球生态系统中发挥重要光合固碳功能的微藻再次获得人们的极大关注。微藻拥有陆地高等植物无法比拟的光合作用速率和太阳能转化效率,其光合潜能还远未发挥。本文首先回顾了目前针对微藻光合作用各个阶段以及光合作用相关途径改造的策略和研究进展,并着重分析不同策略中的瓶颈问题。其次,结合高等植物光合作用的改造方法,讨论进一步提升微藻光合能力的可行方案。最后,本文根据合成生物学方法和概念,提出以微藻作为光合固碳底盘生物,通过外源代谢途径的导入和背景代谢网络的改造,设计构建微藻高效固碳工程株的技术流程。可以预见,微藻固碳能力的进一步提升,将有效降低碳排放,为我国固碳目标的实现做出实质性贡献。Cyanobacteria evolved oxygenic photosynthesis approximately 2.5 billion years ago,which has gradually changed the composition of the atmosphere since then.In order to cope with rising greenhouse gas emission and severe environmental pollution,microalgae,important in carbon sequestration via photosynthesis in the ecosystem,has attracted growing attention.Although microalgae can outcompete terrestrial higher plants in terms of photosyntheticrate and solar energy conversion efficiency,the potentials of microalgal photosynthesis have not been materialized yet.In this paper,we reviewed the progress in modifications of microalgal photosynthesis and its related pathways.The employed approaches include modifications of light-harvesting antenna,manipulations of the expression levels of the key enzymes in Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle,construction of photorespiratory bypass,as well as the engineering of carbon-concentrating mechanism to increase the photosynthetic efficiency in microalgae.The bottlenecks in the employed approaches have also been discussed.To further improve the photosynthetic capacity of microalgae,it is necessary to screen new components with higher photosynthetic performance from other species,especially the ones adapted to extreme conditions.Transcription factors and micro RNAs may also play important roles in regulating photosynthetic efficiency and biomass accumulation of microalgae.While the construction of alternative carbonfixation pathways and photorespiratory bypass can accelerate carbon fixation,the introduction of synthetic pathways,by which photosynthetic end-products can be consumed at a higher rate,can mitigate the sink limitation on photosynthesis.The development of synthetic biology provides unprecedented opportunities to generate microalgae species with higher energy conversion and carbon fixation rate,more resistance to photodamage but less production of reactive oxygen species.This paper proposes to construct high-efficiency engineering strains for carbon-sequestration by selection of opt

关 键 词：微藻 生物固碳 合成生物学 光合作用 捕光天线 核酮糖-1 5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶 碳浓缩机制 

分 类 号：Q812[生物学—生物工程]