气象因子和施肥对赤霞珠植株矿质元素和果实品质的影响  

Effects of meteorological factors and fertilization on mineral element contents and berry quality in Cabernet Sauvignon

作　　者：王小龙 张正文 邵学东 钟晓敏 王福成 史祥宾[1,2,3] 张艺灿 王海波 WANG Xiaolong;ZHANG Zhengwen;SHAO Xuedong;ZHONG Xiaomin;WANG Fucheng;SHI Xiangbin;ZHANG Yican;WANG Haibo(Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Germ-plasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertilizers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree,Liaoning Province,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;Junding Winery Co.,Ltd.,Penglai 265600,Shandong,China;Grape and Wine Industry Development Service Center,Penglai District,Yantai City,Penglai 265600,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100 [2]农业农村部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [3]辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城125100 [4]君顶酒庄有限公司,山东蓬莱265600 [5]烟台市蓬莱区葡萄与葡萄酒产业发展服务中心,山东蓬莱265600

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第11期2074-2087,共14页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000204);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(nycytx-30-zp);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明赤霞珠植株矿质元素与果实品质的关系,筛选影响赤霞珠品质的主要矿质元素,为实现赤霞珠的合理营养施肥和优质生产提供参考。【方法】以赤霞珠为试材,连续3 a(年)进行5416配方施肥处理,研究16个配方肥处理的赤霞珠不同生育期/组织部位矿质元素含量及果实基本理化指标和多酚物质含量等变化。基于Topsis分析对各品质指标进行综合评价,形成品质指数。依据各矿质元素含量分布特性,对高优品质指数的果园进行划分,对低优果园进行营养诊断,并初步制定施肥方案及注意事项。【结果】各酚类物质含量和品质指数的极值在年际间具有明显的组织特异性。有效积温(T)与降雨量(P)是造成相同施肥条件下品质年际差异的主要因素之一,各处理赤霞珠皮/籽黄烷醇、皮/籽总黄酮、皮单宁含量平均累积量均与T/P值呈正比。以相关性最强为原则,选择盛花期叶片N元素、转色期叶柄P元素、盛花期花序K、Ca和Mg元素可作为蓬莱产区赤霞珠品质指数的植株营养诊断因子。依据高优园植株矿质元素含量范围确定上述营养诊断因子的适宜值分别为N(12.9~31.3)mg·g^(-1)、P(4.0~11.6)mg·g^(-1)、K(6.4~35.9)mg·g^(-1)、Ca(15.7~69.9)mg·g^(-1)、Mg(3.3~18.7)mg·g^(-1)。赤霞珠低优园的需肥顺序为Mg>K>Ca>P>N,其中Mg、K、Ca元素表现偏低。为获得高优品质指数的赤霞珠,建议每公顷施肥量分别为N 186.8 kg、PO70.0 kg、KO 112.5 kg、CaO 112.5 kg、MgO 0 kg。【结论】加强果园水肥管理,提高树体对Mg元素的吸收。其他肥料的施用应采取少量多次原则,避开降雨量较大的季节。【Objective】To provide reference for the realization of rational nutrient fertilization and highquality production of Cabernet Sauvignon,the relationships between mineral element contents and berry quality of Cabernet Sauvignon were investigated,and the main elements affecting the quality of Cabernet Sauvignon were screened.【Methods】With Cabernet Sauvignon as the test material,5416 formula fertilization treatment was carried out for 3 consecutive years,and the element contents,basic physicochemical indexes and polyphenols content were studied in different growth stages/tissue parts treated with 16 formula fertilizers.The 5416 formula fertilizer refered to 5 factors(N,P,K,Ca and Mg),and 4levels(multiples of the basic dosage of each fertilizer raw material per hectare,namely 0 times,0.5times,1 times and 1.5 times),totaling for 16 treatments.The formula fertilizer was based on the yield target of 7500 kg berry per hectare,and the basic dosages of each fertilizer raw material per hectare in the5416 trial were set as follows:N 124.5 kg,P_(2)O_(5) 46.5 kg,K_(2)O 112.5 kg,CaO 112.5 kg and MgO 46.5 kg Based on Topsis analysis,each quality index was comprehensively evaluated to form a quality index(CI).According to the distribution characteristics of single element content,the orchards with high-CI were divided,and the nutritional diagnosis of low-CI orchards was carried out,and the fertilization plan and precautions were preliminarily formulated.【Results】The effects of different fertilization treatments on the quality in different years were significantly different,and the extreme values of the contents of phenolic substances and quality indexes had obvious tissue specificity between years.There was no significant difference in the average spike weight among treatments in 2018 and 2019,which were 417.8 g and 430.6 g,respectively.The average spike weight of each treatment in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2018 and 2019 by 58.1%and 59.3%,respectively.The fertilization treatments with the highest TSS c

关 键 词：赤霞珠葡萄 配方施肥 气象因子 果实品质 品质指数 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]