中国优秀投掷运动员竞技表现特征及发展趋势研究  

Research on Competitive Performance Characteristics And Development Trend of Chinese Elite Throwing Athletes

作　　者：秦国阳 秦勇[2] QIN Guo-yang;QIN Yong(School of Physical Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China;Lixia District Education Bureau,Jinan 250013,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学体育学院,山东济南250358 [2]济南市历下区教育局,山东济南250013

出　　处：《吉林体育学院学报》2022年第5期83-91,共9页Journal of Jilin Sport University

摘　　要：为探究新时代我国投掷运动员的竞技表现特征及发展趋势。通过文献资料法、数理统计法以及对比分析法,统计我国投掷运动员试投成功率、发挥率、变异系数、最好成绩出现的轮次分布等相关数据。研究发现:1)在试投成功率方面,链球、铅球、标枪、铁饼项目逐次下降,在发挥率方面表现出铅球>链球>铁饼>标枪的发展趋势;2)我国各投掷项目运动员在有效成绩的变异系数上存在显著性差异,且在不同轮次中创造最佳竞技成绩的概率排序为第6轮>第5轮>第3轮>第2轮>第4轮>第1轮;3)我国投掷运动员在近三年比赛中,变异系数、试投成功率和比赛发挥率出现小幅度增长,但有效成绩的波动幅度呈逐渐变大的发展趋势。建议我国投掷教练员应将提高投掷运动员试投成功率以及发挥率,降低变异系数作为训练和比赛备战的侧重点,科学制定参赛策略,从而助力我国投掷运动员实现对历史成绩的突破。In order to explore the competitive performance characteristics and development trend of Chinese throwing athletes in the new era. Through the methods of literature, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis, the author makes statistics on the success rate, play rate, coefficient of variation and the distribution of rounds of the best results of Chinese throwing athletes. The results are as follows: 1) in terms of the success rate of the trial throw, the hammer throw, shot put, javelin and discus items decrease gradually, and the development trend of shot put > hammer shot > discus > javelin is shown in the aspect of the play rate. 2) There are significant differences in the coefficient of variation of effective performance among Chinese throwing athletes,and the probability of creating the best competitive performance in different rounds is ranked as round 6 > round 5 > round 3 >round 2 > round 4 > round 1. 3) In the past three years, the coefficient of variation, the success rate of trial throw and the rate of competition play of Chinese throwing athletes have increased slightly, but the fluctuation range of effective performance has gradually increased. It is suggested that Chinese throwing coaches should focus on improving the success rate and exertion rate of throwing athletes, reducing the coefficient of variation as the focus of training and competition preparation, and scientifically formulate competition strategies, so as to help Chinese throwing athletes achieve a breakthrough in historical achievements.

关 键 词：投掷项目 竞技表现 发展趋势 稳定性 

分 类 号：G824.9[文化科学—体育训练]