高住低训过程中铁缺乏对国家短道速滑运动员有氧能力相关指标的影响  

A Study on the Influence of Iron Deficiency on Aerobic Capacity of Female Short Track Speed Skaters During High Living And Low Training

作　　者：塔宇芹 夏宇馨 史继祖[1] TA Yu-qin;XIA Yu-xin;SHI Ji-zu(Jilin Sport University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林体育学院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《吉林体育学院学报》2022年第5期102-108,共7页Journal of Jilin Sport University

摘　　要：目的:探讨高住低训(HiLo)期间铁缺乏对女子短道速滑运动员有氧能力相关指标的影响。方法:根据WHO推荐的缺铁标准(SF<15ug/L),把运动员分为正常组(NG)与缺铁组(IDA),每组分别选取中长距离短道速滑运动员8名,每晚在氧浓度为15.9%的低氧环境(模拟海拔2300m)中暴露10小时,在常氧环境中训练,实验为期8周。结果:NG与IDA进舱前、出舱后SF组间对比存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01),NG与IDA网织红细胞(Ret)出舱后较舱前分别提升20%和5%,但组间对比无显著性差异(P>0.05);NG与IDA出舱后最大摄氧量相对值、最大摄氧量绝对值、最大功率与进舱前相比,都有所提高,但只有NG存在显著性差异(P<0.05);SF与Ret、红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(Hct)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)之间存在正相关性(P<0.05),其中RBC、Hb、Hct与SF相关性较高(P<0.01)。结论:1)HiLo后,缺铁运动员Ret和最大摄氧量相关指标改善程度有限,表明缺铁使骨髓造血功能受到抑制,限制了有氧能力的提高。2)在HiLo条件下,缺铁使运动员Ret、RBC、Hb、Hct各指标改善有限,尤其是出舱后低氧效应消失速度快,说明缺铁运动员赛前安排HiLo,不利于运动员最佳竞技状态的形成。Objective:to investigate the influence of iron deficiency on aerobiccapacity of female short track speed skaters during high living and low training(HiLo).Methods:the athletes are divided into the normal group(NG)and the iron defic-iency group(IDA)according to the WHO recommended standard of iron defici-ency(SF<15 ug/L),long distance sh-ort track speed skating athletes in each s-elected group of eight people,they are exposed on the oxygen concentration of 15.9%low oxygen environment(simulated altitude 2300m)for 10 hours during nights,and they do training in normal oxygen environment,the experiment peri-od is eight weeks.Results:there was a significant difference between NG and IDA before entering the cabin and SF group after leaving the cab-in(P<0.01).After leaving the cabin,NG and IDA reticulocyte(Ret)increased by 20%and 5%respectively,but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05);The relative value of Max ox-ygen uptake,absolute value of Max o-xygen uptake,and Max power of NG and IDA after going out of the cabin are all improved,but only NG showed significant difference(P<0.05);There was a positive correlation between SF and Ret,Red blood cells(RBC),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(Hct),mean corpuscular volume(MCV)(P<0.05),among them the corr-elation between RBC,Hb,Hct and SF are higher(P<0.01).Conclusion:1.After HiLo,Ret and maximum oxygen uptake were improved to a limited extent in iro-ndeficient athletes,indicates that iron deficiency inhibited bonemarrow hematopo-ietic function and limited the improvement of aerobic capacity.2.Under the con-ditions of HiLo,iron deficiency leads to limited improvement of Ret,RBC,Hb and Hct in athletes.In particular,the effect of low oxygen soon disappears after the athletes leave the cabin,which indicates that the arrangement of HiLo bef-ore the competi-tion of iron-deficient athletes was not conducive to the format-ion of the best competitive state of athletes.

关 键 词：高住低训 血清铁蛋白 有氧能力 短道速滑 铁缺乏 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]