外源花青素对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗生长及其生理特性的影响  

Effects of exogenous anthocyanins on growth and physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco seedlings under drought stress

作　　者：庄晔 刘瑞恒 付国占 王小东 ZHUANG Ye;LIU Ruiheng;FU Guozhan;WANG Xiaodong(Henan Province Dryland Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center/College of Agronomy,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院/河南省旱地农业工程技术研究中心,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2022年第6期63-71,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(222102110360);河南省产学研合作项目(152107000017)。

摘　　要：以烤烟品种‘秦烟96’和‘云烟116’等2个烤烟品种为试验材料,通过开展盆栽试验,设置正常供水和中度干旱等2个水分梯度,外源花青素设置6个浓度,研究外源花青素对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗农艺性状、单株干重、光合气体参数、叶绿素荧光参数及活性氧代谢系统的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,两个烤烟品种生长受到抑制且生理性能下降;干旱胁迫下喷施外源花青素可显著增加烤烟幼苗的株高、茎围、最大叶长、最大叶宽、最大叶面积、单株干重、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率PSⅡ最大光化学效率、PSⅡ实际光化学效率和光化学猝灭系数,降低叶片中胞间CO_(2)浓度和非光化学猝灭系数,降低超氧阴离子自由基产生速率和丙二醛含量,提高叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,增强烤烟幼苗对干旱胁迫的耐受性,有效缓解干旱胁迫对烤烟幼苗生长及其生理功能的损害;其中‘秦烟96’以叶面喷施3 mg·L^(-1)花青素对考烟幼苗生长的促进效果最佳,‘云烟116’以叶面喷施4 mg·L^(-1)花青素效果最佳。This pot experiment used flue-cured tobacco varieties of‘Qinyan 96’and‘Yunyan 116’as experimental materials.The treatments including two water gradients of normal water supply and moderate drought and six concentrations of exogenous anthocyanins were set to study the effects of exogenous anthocyanins on agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco seedlings.The results showed that under drought stress,the growth of two flue-cured tobacco varieties was inhibited,and their physiological properties decreased.Spraying exogenous anthocyanins on the leaves of flue-cured tobacco seedlings under drought stress significantly increased the plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width,maximum leaf area,dry weight per plant,net photosynthetic rate stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ,actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡand photochemical quenching coefficient.By reducing intercellular CO_(2)concentration and non-photochemical quenching coefficient in leaves,it not only reduced the production rate of superoxide anion radical and malondialdehyde,but also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase in leaves.By enhancing the tolerance of flue-cured tobacco seedlings to drought stress,it was effective to alleviate the damage of drought stress to the growth and physiological functions of flue-cured tobacco seedlings.Of which,spraying 3 mg·L^(-1)anthocyanin on the leaves of‘Qinyan 96’had the best effect on promoting the growth of tobacco seedlings,and spraying 4 mg·L^(-1)anthocyanin on the leaves of‘Yunyan 116’also had the best effect on promoting the growth of tobacco seedlings.

关 键 词：烤烟 干旱胁迫 花青素 农艺性状 生理特性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]