彩色小麦基因发掘和种质资源育种利用  

Gene Discovery and Germplasm Resource Breeding Utilization of Colored Wheat

作　　者：徐萍[1] 张正斌[1,2] 张锦鹏[3] 李芙蓉[1] XU Ping;ZHANG Zheng-bin;ZHANG Jin-peng;LI Fu-rong(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022;Innovative Academy of Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院种子创新研究院,北京100101 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2022年第6期1549-1571,共23页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：河北省现代种业科技创新专项(22326302D);中央引导地方科技发展项目(2022ZY0069);农业农村部“十四五”小麦种质资源精准鉴定项目(19221925)。

摘　　要：随着人类对彩色营养功能小麦需求越来越大,彩色小麦遗传研究越来越深入,彩色小麦品种越来越多,但我国彩色小麦种质资源家底不清。为了满足国内外对彩色小麦营养遗传育种方面的迅猛需求,本文综述了彩色小麦基因和种质资源育种利用进展,首先介绍了彩色小麦基因来源的种质资源,其次介绍了彩色小麦染色体组及系谱,第三是首次全面总结了我国彩色小麦育种和种质资源创新的进展。我国近24年来审定了61个彩色小麦品种,其中紫(黑)粒品种50个,蓝粒小麦品种10个,绿粒小麦品种1个,还育成了19个彩色小麦种质新资源,其中近4年是我国彩色小麦品种审定最多的年份。河南省、山东省、河北省、山西省是我国4大彩色小麦育种和产业化基地。彩色小麦品种大部分来源于彩色小麦和普通小麦杂交,彩色小麦基因主要来自于小麦与野生一粒小麦、野生二粒小麦、偃麦草、黑麦、赖草等远缘杂交。有48个彩色小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量超过14%,4个彩色小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量超过18%,4个彩色小麦品种面团稳定时间超过10 min。针对彩色小麦遗传育种和产业化存在的问题,建议作物种质资源保护与利用要遵循“有差异,就选择;能遗传,可定向;有价值,就保藏;需鉴定,要精准;扬其长,广利用”的基本原则。以上资料将为我国彩色小麦遗传育种研究提供大量有用信息和基因种质资源,推动我国彩色小麦遗传育种研究深入发展。With the increasing demand of nutritional function of colored wheat,the genetic research of colored wheat becomes more and more thorough,and there are more and more varieties of colored wheat.However,the germplasm resources of colored wheat in China remain unclear. In order to meet the rapid demand in the area of the colored nutrition wheat genetics and breeding,this paper summarized research advance on gene discovery and germplasm resources breeding utilization of the colored wheat. We introduced the colored wheat gene originated from germplasm resources,followed by introduction of chromosomes complement and pedigree of colored wheat,as well as comprehensive summary on colored wheat breeding and germplasm innovation in China. Sixty one colored wheat varieties were approved in China in the past 24 years,including 50 purple(black)grain varieties,10 blue grain varieties and 1 green grain variety. In addition,19 new colored wheat germplasm resources were developed. Especially for the past four years,many colored wheat varieties have been approved. Henan province,Shandong province,Hebei province and Shanxi province was the four larger colored wheat breeding and industrialization bases. Most of the colored wheat varieties were from the hybridization between colored wheat and common wheat,and a larger proportion of the genes in colored wheat were from the distant hybridization between wheat and Triticum boeoticum Boiss,wild emmer wheat,Agropyron Gaertn.species,rye,Leymus Hochst.,etc. Fortyeight colored wheat varieties showed grain protein content over 14%,four colored wheat varieties with grain protein content over 18%,and four colored wheat varieties with dough stable time over 10 min. Considering the problems of colored wheat genetic breeding and industrialization,we would like to suggest that the protection and utilization of crop germplasm resources should follow the basic principle of “if there is difference,it should be selected;if it can be inherited,it should be directed;if it has valuable,it should be conser

关 键 词：彩色小麦 基因发掘 种质资源 育种应用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]