彩色小麦种质资源在生物强化和功能食品应用中的研究进展  

Research Progress in Application of Colored Wheat Germplasm Resources in Biofortification and Functional Foods

作　　者：张正斌[1,2] 徐萍[1,2] 张锦鹏[3] 李芙蓉[1] ZHANG Zheng-bin;XU Ping;ZHANG Jin-peng;LI Fu-rong(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022;Innovative Academy of Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院种子创新研究院,北京100101 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2022年第6期1572-1584,共13页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：河北省现代种业科技创新专项(22326302D);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0069);农业农村部“十四五”小麦种质资源精准鉴定项目(19221925)。

摘　　要：因为人类膳食不平衡和微量营养缺乏导致的隐性饥饿已经受到国内外高度重视。利用生物育种技术培育富含各种微量营养的优良作物品种是生物强化和功能食品的主要发展方向。国内外大量研究表明,彩色小麦种质资源富含花青素、铁、锌、硒、维生素、叶酸等微量营养和蛋白质等,对抗炎、抗癌、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、贫血病、生长发育不良等有一定的功效,将在保障粮食安全和人类健康中发挥重要作用。本研究首先介绍了隐性饥饿、生物强化、功能食品、功能农业和功能品种等方面的发展趋势,重点介绍了国内外彩色小麦种质资源功能营养成分及遗传育种方面的研究进展。建议广泛收集和创制彩色功能营养小麦新种质,挖掘优异营养基因资源,揭示彩色小麦花青素和微量营养(硒、锌、铬等微量元素,维生素,人体不能合成的8种氨基酸,叶酸等)以及品质(蛋白质含量和组分)性状的遗传耦合机理,以期为彩色小麦生物强化和主粮功能化提供理论依据和技术支撑。Hidden hunger caused by imbalanced human diet and lack of micronutrients has been paid increasing attention. One solution in achieving biofortification and functional food is to breed excellent crop varieties rich with various micronutrients by deployment of biological breeding technologies. A large number of studies have shown enrichment of anthocyanin,iron,zinc,selenium,trace nutrients and vitamins,folic acid,protein in color wheat germplasm resources.These components have certain effect for treatment of inflammation,cancer,diabetes,cardiovascular disease,anemia,and poor growth and development,etc,thus showing an important role in ensuring food security and human health. In this paper,we first introduce the background information of hidden hunger,biofortification,functional food,functional agriculture and functional varieties,followed by a highlighted summarization on the research progress of functional nutrition components and genetic breeding of colored wheat germplasm resources. We suggest to collect and create new color functional nutrition wheat germplasm,explore genes with excellent nutritional components,reveal the genetic coupling mechanism among anthocyanins and micronutritions(trace elements such as selenium,zinc and chromium,vitamins,8 amino acids that cannot be synthesized by human body),in order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for color wheat biofortification and main grain functionalization.

关 键 词：彩色小麦 生物强化 功能食品 应用前景 

分 类 号：TS218[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS210.1[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程] S512.1[农业科学—作物学]