单纯型肌张力障碍的神经影像学研究进展  

Research advances in neuroimaging of isolated dystonia

作　　者：张伟[1] 朱晓冬[1] ZHANG Wei;ZHU Xiao-Dong(Department of Neurology,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital,Tianjin 300052,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学总医院神经内科,天津300052

出　　处：《国际神经病学神经外科学杂志》2022年第5期55-59,共5页Journal of International Neurology and Neurosurgery

基　　金：天津市教委科研计划项目重点项目资助(2017ZD10)。

摘　　要：单纯型肌张力障碍是指肌张力障碍症状是患者唯一运动症状,其临床表型的多样性被认为与基因突变、多因素病理生理学改变及环境压力等有关。成人起病的单纯型局灶型肌张力障碍在常规头颅磁共振(MRI)影像中并没有结构异常,然而眼睑痉挛、痉挛性斜颈、书写痉挛、喉部肌张力障碍及某些全身型肌张力障碍在特殊MRI序列及功能MRI中表现出基底节、皮质下、皮质及小脑等不同区域结构功能变化及神经网络功能失衡。在神经分子影像学研究中,利用不同的示踪剂评估各类型肌张力障碍患者脑内葡萄糖代谢及多巴胺能、胆碱能、γ-氨基丁酸能神经递质的变化,为探索肌张力障碍的发病机制提供线索。Isolated dystonia refers to the type of dystonia with dystonia as the only motor symptom, and the diverse clinical phenotypes of this disease are believed to be associated with gene mutations, multifactorial pathophysiological changes, and environmental stressors. The absence of gross structural abnormalities on conventional MRI is one of the clinical hallmarks of adult-onset focal dystonia;however, blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, writing spasm, laryngeal dystonia, and some types of systemic dystonia show structural and functional changes and neural network dysfunction in different regions of the basal ganglia, subcortical region, the cortex, and the cerebellum. In neuromolecular imaging, different tracers are used to assess the changes in cerebral glucose metabolism and dopaminergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitters, thereby providing clues for exploring the pathogenesis of dystonia.

关 键 词：肌张力障碍 神经影像学 磁共振成像 正电子发射计算机断层成像 计算机体层成像 

分 类 号：R746[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]