两种叶面肥对桃蚜“绿色防控”的影响  

Effects of two kinds of foliar fertilizer on green control of aphid pest Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphidoidea)

作　　者：王欣宇 韩亚静 历佳月 黄群义 叶乐夫[2] 付雪[1,2] WANG Xinyu;HAN Yajing;LI Jiayue;HUANG Qunyi;YE Lefu;FU Xue(College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China;College of Agronomy,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2022年第6期60-68,共9页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：黑龙江大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2021-222HLJU);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费基础研究项目(KJCX201820)。

摘　　要：叶面肥通过差异性的肥效和对植物次生代谢的影响直接和间接作用于植株上的昆虫,改变“植物-昆虫”互作系统的发展方向,影响昆虫抗药性及种群发展趋势。研究通过观测自制酵素、商品木醋液和混合液对桃蚜及寄主植物(小白菜)的综合影响:包括对桃蚜种群发展的观察,测定桃蚜4种解毒酶活性,测定寄主植物多项生长指标,观察单独饲养桃蚜生长发育过程。结果发现:(1)酵素施用增加全株生物量,增加根系质量占比,即酵素的“生物肥”作用明显。酵素还能缓解木醋液降低叶绿素含量的作用。木醋液施用降低植株叶绿素含量,增加叶片数量。植株接虫减少叶片数,增大叶面积,矮化植株;(2)酵素对蚜虫种群数量没有显著影响,木醋液和混合液处理都显著减少桃蚜各虫态数量:其中对有翅蚜的抑制率最高,其次是若蚜,对成蚜影响最小;相比而言,混合液对各虫态的抑制率均高于木醋液单独作用;(3)酵素和木醋液都显著降低桃蚜产蚜量,而混合液降低更大,各处理桃蚜繁殖历期没有明显变化。对桃蚜的生命表参数各处理都有影响,其中酵素有降低影响,木醋液影响更大,混合液影响最大;(4)酵素和木醋液均能降低桃蚜体内某些种类抗逆酶的活性。总之,酵素和木醋液及二者混合液都能够对植株起到生物肥作用;混合液施用时对桃蚜各虫态的抑制效果更好,能够对桃蚜生长初期和桃蚜向有翅蚜分化起到明显的抑制作用;酵素和木醋液降低桃蚜对化学药剂抗性,为桃蚜抗性治理提供新思路。Foliar fertilizers directly and indirectly act on insects living on plants through differential fertilizer effects and the effects on plant secondary metabolism,as a result,changing the development direction of the"plant-insect"interaction system,and affecting insect resistance and population development trends.The study investigated the comprehensive effects of homemade fermented bio-extract,commercial wood vinegar and mixtures on the green peach aphid and the host plant(small cabbage),including:Observing the development of the green peach aphid population,measuring the activities of four detoxification enzymes in the green peach aphid,detecting the growth index as well as observing the growth and development process of Myzus persicae fed alone.The results showed that:(1)Fermented bio-extract application increased the biomass of the whole plant and the proportion of the root system,that is,the"bio-fertilizer"effect of the fermented bio-extract was obvious;the fermented bio-extract could also alleviate the effect of wood vinegar on reducing the chlorophyll content.The application of wood vinegar reduces the chlorophyll content of plants and increases the number of leaves.Plant inoculation reduces the number of leaves,increases leaf area,and dwarfs plants.(2)Fermented bio-extract had no significant effects on the number of aphid populations,and both wood vinegar and mixed solution treatments significantly reduced the number of various states of Myzus persicae,among them,the inhibition rate of the winged aphid was the highest,followed by the nymph aphid,which had the least effects on the adult aphid;In contrast,the inhibition rate of the mixed solution to each insect state was higher than that of the wood vinegar solution alone.(3)Both the fermented bio-extract and the wood vinegar significantly reduced the aphid yield of Myzus persicae,while the mixed solution decreased more.All treatments had an effect on the life table parameters of Myzus persicae.Among them,the fermented bio-extract had a lowering effect,the wo

关 键 词：酵素 木醋液 桃蚜 植株 抗逆酶 

分 类 号：S433.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]