基于土地利用/覆被变化的依格孜牙河流域生态环境质量评估  

Ecological Environment Quality Assessment of Igeziya River Basin Based on Land Use/Cover Change

作　　者：江康威 张青青 徐海量[2] JIANG Kang-wei;ZHANG Qing-qing;XU Hai-liang(Pratacultural College,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第11期124-132,140,共10页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(2515GZRZZ);喀什噶尔河流域规划项目“喀什噶尔河流域陆生生态现状调查与陆生生态回顾性评价”。

摘　　要：研究依格孜牙河流域1990-2019年间土地利用变化下的生态质量及其变化特征,为干旱区土地资源的利用及区域经济的可持续发展提供科学依据。基于1990、2000、2010和2019年4期Landsat TM遥感影像数据分析土地利用变化过程,研究依格孜牙河流域土地利用与植被覆盖度的时空演变特征,同时对流域环境质量进行评价。研究结果表明:①1990-2019年依格孜牙河流域耕地面积增加了225.02%,建筑用地面积增加了56.36%。②2019年依格孜牙河流域总林地面积较1990年,2000年和2010年林地总面积均有所增加,分别增加幅度31.00%、216.40%及325.06%;其中天然林地面积整体变化不大,仅减少了9.80%;人工林面积持续增加594.00%,有林地、疏林地、灌木林地面积在整个时间段内均略微减少,说明近29年以来依格孜牙河流域天然林受破坏的程度最轻。③1990-2019年依格孜牙河流域草地总面积呈先稍增加后减少趋势,但大体变化趋势为减少;29年间高、低覆盖度草地面积大体呈减少趋势,2019年较1990年面积分别减少了33.61%、36.59%;而中覆盖草地面积呈增加趋势,2019年较1990年增加了31.06%,其扩大的部分原因是由于高覆盖草地退化、转化成了中覆盖草地。④1990年、2000年、2010年、2019年,依格孜牙河流域EI指数范围为20≤EI<35,属于较差范围,在四期结果中,2000年的EI指数最低,2010年EI指数最高;因此,整体流域生态环境状况可表述为:区域内植被密度较小,生物丰富度低,降水量少且不适宜人类生存居住。To study the ecological quality and its change characteristics under land use change in Yigeziya River Basin from 1990 to 2019,this paper provides a scientific basis for the utilization of land resources and the sustainable development of regional economy in arid areas.Based on the Landsat TM remote sensing image data of four periods in 1990,2000,2010 and 2019,the land use change process is ana⁃lyzed,the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of land use and vegetation coverage in Yigeziya River Basin are studied,and the en⁃vironmental quality of the basin is evaluated.The results show that:①From 1990 to 2019,the cultivated land area in Yigeziya River Basin increased by 225.02%,and the construction land area increased by 56.36%.②The total forest land area of Yigeziya River Basin in 2019 in⁃creased by 31.00%,216.40%and 325.06%respectively compared with that in 1990,2000 and 2010.Among them,the area of natural forest land changed little on the whole,only decreased by 9.80%.The area of artificial forests continued to increase by 594.00%,and the areas of forested land,sparse forest land,and shrub forest land decreased slightly during the entire period,indicating that the natural forests in the Yigeziya River Basin had suffered the least damage in the past 29 years.③From 1990 to 2019,the total area of grassland in Yigeziya River Basin increased slightly at first and then decreased,but the general change trend is to decrease.In the past 29 years,the grassland area with high-coverage and low-coverage showed a decreasing trend,and the area in 2019 decreased by 33.61%and 36.59%respectively compared with 1990.The area of medium-coverage grassland shows an increasing trend,with an increase of 31.06%in 2019 compared with 1990.The expansion is partly due to the degradation and transformation of high-coverage grassland into medium-coverage grassland.④In 1990,2000,2010 and 2019,the EI index range of Yigeziya River Basin was 20≤EI<35,belonging to the poor range.Among the four results,the EI index in 2000

关 键 词：依格孜牙河 土地利用 植被覆盖度 环境质量 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]