滇中高原磨盘山典型森林类型枯落物持水性能研究  

Study on Litter Water-holding Capacity of Typical Forests in Mopan Mountain in Central Yunnan Plateau

作　　者：彭邦晓 孙煜镕 黎建强[1] 杨关吕 张建玲 PENG Bangxiao;SUN Yurong;LI Jianqiang;YANG Guanlv;ZHANG Jianling(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《森林工程》2022年第6期45-52,60,共9页Forest Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060345);云南省科技重大专项计划(202102AE090042-03)。

摘　　要：为揭示滇中高原典型森林类型枯落物的持水性能,以滇中高原磨盘山华山松林、云南松林、高山栎林、滇油杉林和常绿阔叶林5种典型森林类型枯落物为研究对象,采用野外调查和室内浸泡试验对不同森林枯落物的持水性能进行研究。结果表明,(1) 5种典型森林类型枯落物总生物量为26.46~69.83 t/hm^(2),生物量以常绿阔叶林枯落物最大;不同分解层枯落物生物量由大到小表现为,腐殖质层、半分解层、未分解层。(2)常绿阔叶林和滇油杉林不同分解层枯落物平均最大持水率(395.94%,370.89%)和有效拦蓄率(275.91%,266.90%)显著小于其他森林,而常绿阔叶林和云南松林不同分解层枯落物最大持水量(24.82 t/hm^(2),23.33 t/hm^(2))和有效拦蓄量(17.04 t/hm^(2),17.08 t/hm^(2))则显著高于其他森林;5种森林类型枯落物层最大持水量和有效拦蓄量在不同分解层随着分解程度的增加而增加。(3)不同森林类型枯落物失水速率与风干时间呈幂函数关系,其中常绿阔叶林的失水速率最小,持水能力最好。To reveal the litter water-holding capacity of typical forest in Mopan mountain in central Yunnan Plateau, in this study, the litters of five typical forest types, namely Pinus armandii(PA), Pinus yunnanensis(PY), Quercus semecarpifolia(QS), Keteleeria evelyniana(KE), and evergreen broad-leaved(EB) forest were selected as research objects. The water-holding capacity of different forest litters were analyzed by the field investigation and indoor soaking experiment. The results showed that,(1)the total biomass of five typical forests litter were ranged from 26.46 t/hm^(2) to 69.83 t/hm^(2), with the largest biomass in EB;and the biomass of different decomposition layers from large to small showed: DL, SL, and UL.(2)The average maximum water-holding rate(395.94%, 370.89%) and effective water storage rate(275.91%, 266.90%) of EB and KE were significantly lower than those of other forest, and the maximum water-holding capacity(24.82 t/hm^(2), 23.33 t/hm^(2))and effective storage capacity(17.04 t/hm^(2), 17.08 t/hm^(2)) of EB and PY were higher than those of other forest. The maximum water holding capacity and effective storage capacity of litter layer of five forest increased with the increasing of decomposition degree in different decomposition layers.(3)The power function relation were found between water loss rate and air-drying time in different forest litters, and the lowest water loss rate and the best water-holding capacity were found in EB among five forests.

关 键 词：森林枯落物 持水性能 涵养水源 失水速率 滇中高原 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]