缩尺车轮−环轨试验台轮轨静态接触相似性研究  

Static contact similarity analysis of a scaled test rig with wheel on rail track ring

作　　者：罗易飞 赵鑫[1] 周志军 尹利钧 温泽峰[1] 杨吉忠[2] LUO Yifei;ZHAO Xin;ZHOU Zhijun;YIN Lijun;WEN Zefeng;YANG Jizhong(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第10期3901-3911,共11页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51675444);四川省科技计划项目(2020YFQ0024);牵引动力国家重点实验室自主研究课题资助项目(2019TPL-T17)。

摘　　要：为研究缩尺车轮−环轨试验台对我国高速铁路服役轮轨的模拟能力,以轮轨滚动行为模拟试验台为例,分别建立轮轨静态接触有限元模型以及我国典型高速铁路系统的全尺寸服役轮对−轨道接触有限元模型,分析轮径、钢轨曲线半径、轮轨几何等非恒定缩尺比例因素存在时的轮轨接触相似性,对比试验和服役轮轨系统在不同冲角、横移、相对位置等条件下的轮轨静态接触解,具体包括最大接触压力、接触斑面积及轨内Von Mises等效应力。研究结果表明:在最大法向接触压力相等的模拟准则下,高速轮轨系统对应的试验车轮垂向载荷为10.56 kN,而其在最大轨内Von Mises等效应力相等的模拟准则下的相应载荷为9.34 kN。冲角和轮轨相对于轨枕的位置的影响可以忽略;试验车轮横移−3.0~1.0 mm与服役轮对相应横移−9.0~3.0 mm条件下的最大接触压力相对误差小于5.2%,接触压力分布、接触斑面积、轨内Von Mises等效应力等均具有良好相似性,但在更大正向横移下接触状态存在无法忽略的差异。由此可见,在负向和正向小横移时,轮轨滚动行为模拟试验台在轮轨法向接触方面能够精确地模拟服役轮轨系统。A static wheel-rail contact finite element model of wheel-rail rolling contact behavior test rig,and a full-scale wheelset−track finite element model of China's typical high-speed railway system were developed,in order to study the simulation ability of scaled-wheel-rail(ring)-type test rig.The wheel-rail contact similarity,considering the non-uniform scaling factors such as wheel diameters,rail curve radii and wheel-rail profile,was analyzed.Contact pressures,contact patch areas,Von Mises equivalent stresses and other static contact characteristics at different impact angles,lateral displacements and relative positions were compared.The results show that the corresponding vertical loads of the test wheel should be 10.56 kN(at the same maximum contact pressure criteria)and 9.34 kN(at the same maximum Von Mise equivalent stress criteria),respectively.The static wheel-rail contact is slightly influenced by impact angle and relative distance between wheel and sleeper;the relative error of the maximum contact pressure stay below 5.2%under conditions that the lateral displacement changes from−3.0 to 1.0 mm of the test wheel and lateral displacement changes from−9.0 to 3.0 mm of the in service wheel.The contact pressure distribution,contact patch area,and Von Mises equivalent stress solved by the two models are in good similarity;however,contact difference can be nonnegligible when the positive lateral displacement increases.In conclusion,the test rig is capable of accurately simulating the in-service wheel-rail system on normal contact behavior under the condition of negative or small positive lateral displacement.

关 键 词：高速轮轨试验台 有限元方法 轮轨静态接触 应力 相似性 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]