西方童年研究的后现代转向及其教育学反思  

Post⁃modern Turn of Western Childhood Studies and Its Pedagogical Reflection

作　　者：罗瑶[1] LUO Yao(School of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2022年第6期56-64,共9页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部青年专项课题“童年哲学的当代发展及其对学前教育改革的意义研究”(EHA200405)。

摘　　要：在反对童年的现代性观念的过程中,后现代话语进入到西方童年研究领域,产生出有关“童年是什么”的诸多新理解。如反对童年本质的普遍论,主张童年差异的本体论;解构童年研究中的二元对立思维方式,强调童年作为异质性集合,以“生成-儿童”来解构童年与成年的对立;以童年来消解现代性主体、重构后现代主体等。后现代童年研究将为教育领域带来一些积极的影响,如关注教育中儿童的差异而非统一抽象的地图、去除教育中的成人中心、重视教育中新的儿童主体形式建构等;与此同时,也将为教育学带来不少的挑战,如对童年的本质和好教育的追问备受质疑、由童年的消解所带来的教育存在根基的动摇、流动和变化的儿童主体形象建构所带来的教育意义缺失等。由此得出,当教育学向后现代的童年话语敞开之时,其蕴含的承诺与危险也将一并进入教育学领域中。In the process of opposing the modern conception of childhood,postmodern discourse has entered the field of Western childhood study,resulting in many new understandings about childhood.These understandings include advocating anti⁃essentialism of childhood and the ontology of childhood differences,deconstructing the binary opposition in childhood study,emphasizing childhood as a heterogeneous collection and deconstructing the opposition between childhood and adulthood with“becoming⁃child,”using childhood as another form of subjectivity,and reconstructing the subject of post⁃modernism etc.Post⁃modern childhood study will bring some positive influences to the field of education,such as focusing on the diversity of childhood,changing the relationship between adulthood and childhood,and highlighting the construction of new forms of children’s subjectivity in education.But at the same time,it will also bring many challenges to pedagogy,such as challenging what is the real essence of childhood and good education,shaking the foundation of education due to the disappearance of childhood,and the defect in the value of education caused by the construction of a fluid and changing children’s image.It can be concluded that when childhood studies open up to postmodern discourse,so do the promises and risks that we must confront.

关 键 词：童年研究 后现代 童年本质 二元对立 主体性 

分 类 号：G53[文化科学—教育学]