“三孩政策”背景下城市托育服务的高质量发展研究  

Research on the High-quality Development of Urban Childcare Services in the Context of“Three Children Policy”

作　　者：吴玉锋[1] 苏翊铭 聂建亮[1] WU Yufeng;SU Yiming;NIE Jianliang(School of Public Administration,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127)

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院,西安710127

出　　处：《江汉学术》2022年第6期5-13,共9页JIANGHAN ACADEMIC

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“社会互动对城乡家庭商业养老保险需求影响研究”(20XJA840001);陕西省社科基金项目“基于社会资本的陕西省城乡社区公共卫生治理能力提升研究”(2021F006);陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题2021年度重点智库研究项目“数字赋能政府公共服务高质量发展及实现路径研究”(2021ZD1048)。

摘　　要：“三孩”政策的实施标志着我国人口政策进入了转折期,实现托育服务高质量发展是其关键配套措施。我国城市托育服务经历了“福利化”“初步市场化”“继续市场化”“多元化”四个发展阶段,城市托育服务发展不断向前推进。但在托育服务需求不断扩大的背景下,城市托育服务在供给数量、供给质量、供给方式以及供给效率方面依然存在不足,出现了婴幼儿入托难、入托差、入托贵和机构运营难的问题。因此,构建“以人民为中心”为价值引领、以“政府顶层设计”为根本保障、以“多元供给结构”为关键动力、以“市场化改革”为主导路径的城市托育服务高质量发展机制势在必行,而创新城市托育服务的管理体制机制、加强人才队伍建设、增强财政补贴力度、推进市场化改革、激发社会资本力量是实现城市托育服务高质量发展的有效路径。The implementation of“three-child policy”marks a turning point of China's population policy.It is a key supporting measure to realize the high-quality development of childcare services.China's urban childcare services have experienced four development stages of“welfare”“initial marketization”“continued marketization”and“diversification,”showing a step-by-step progress.When the demand for childcare services is incessantly expanding,urban childcare services is inadequate in terms of supply quantity,quality,mode,and efficiency.The problems include it is difficult to go to kindergarten,nursery services are poor and expensive,and nursery institutions have difficulty in operation.Hence,it is imperative to establish a high quality urban childcare development mechanism featuring the people-centered value,following the market-based reform,powered by a multiple supply structure,and guaranteed by top level government design.An effective route to achieve a high quality development of urban childcare services is to innovate the management system and mechanism of urban nursery services,enhance the talent pool,raise the level of financial subsidy,promote market oriented reform,and activate the power of social capital.

关 键 词：三孩政策 托育服务 供给效率 社会资本 市场化改革 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学] G619.2[文化科学—学前教育学]