Balanced development of compulsory education:Cornerstone of education equity  

作　　者：ZENG Tianshan DENG Youchao YANG Runyong ZUO Xiaomei CHU Zhaohui LI Xiejing 

机构地区：[1]Educational Policy Analysis Center,China National Institute for Educational Research,Beijing 100046,China

出　　处：《Frontiers of Education in China》2007年第4期469-493,共25页中国高等学校学术文摘·教育学（英文）

摘　　要：Balanced development of compulsory education is not only the cornerstone of education equity,but also the fundamental part for realizing a harmonious society.There have been several achievements in balancing the development of compulsory education in China,such as narrowing the gaps in compulsory education between rural,urban,and other areas.However,the development of compulsory education is still confronted with several issues,including the gaps between rural and urban schools,the gaps between teacher’s situations in rural and urban area,higher drop-out rates of rural compulsory education than that of the national average level,etc.Based on the analysis of these issues and reasons,the suggestions for the policy-makers are as follows:(1)it must be further clarified that governments at all levels must take all responsibilities for the balanced development of compulsory education so as to integrate local authorities’input and the central government’s subsidies;(2)the allocation mechanism of resources for compulsory education should be set up with“qualitative and fair growth”as its aim;(3)The quality standard for compulsory education based on the national curriculum standard should be worked out for playing the role of quality inspection in the fair development of compulsory education,and a relevant system of responsibility should also be established;(4)A national unified card for compulsory education should be adopted,which would help abolish extra fees for non-permanent-resident students receiving compulsory education in other places and(5)civilian-sponsored schools should be encouraged to offer compulsory education.义务教育的均衡发展是教育平等的基石,是实现和谐社会的重要组成部分。中国义务教育已取得一定的成就,城乡间和地区间的义务教育差距明显缩小。但义务教育的均衡发展依然面临一些问题,城乡学校依然存在差距,城乡师资状况存在差距,农村义务教育阶段的辍学率高于全国平均水平等。通过对这些问题及其原因的分析,提出如下建议:(1)进一步明确各级政府应对义务教育的均衡发展承担全部责任,把地方促发展和中央给补偿有机结合起来;(2)建立以“有质量的公平增长”为导向的义务教育资源的配置机制;(3)建立基于课程标准的国家义务教育质量标准,发挥义务教育质量监测对公平发展的作用,并实行相应的问责制度;(4)建立全国通用的义务教育卡,取消向义务教育借读费,进一步完善异地接受义务教育的保障机制;(5)资助承担义务教育责任的民办学校。

关 键 词：compulsory education balanced development education equity 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]