干旱区微咸水覆膜灌溉棉花根系生长分布与土壤水盐运移规律及其相互作用  

Cotton Root Growth Distribution and Soil Water-Salt Transport and Their Interaction under Film-mulched Irrigation with Brackish Water in Arid Region

作　　者：赖善星 张耀珑 盛统民 张茗惠 陈文岭 LAI Shanxing;ZHANG Yaolong;SHENG Tongmin;ZHANG Minghui;CHEN Wenling(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Hubei Key Laboralory of Yangize Catchmenl Environmenlal Aqualic Science,China Universily of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urunqi 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430078 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)长江流域环境水科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430078 [3]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2022年第6期175-183,共9页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41902255);长江流域环境水科学湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(YEAS2021-3-03)。

摘　　要：为探讨干旱地区微咸水覆膜灌溉棉花根系生长分布与土壤水盐运移规律及其相互作用关系,于巴州灌溉试验站开展不同灌溉水棉花盆栽覆膜灌溉试验,对比分析不同生育期微咸水与淡水灌溉处理条件下棉花根系生长分布规律、土壤水盐运移规律和棉花产量的差异。结果表明:整个生育期内,咸、淡水灌溉处理条件下棉花根系生长分布和土壤水盐运移的动态变化规律较为相似;棉花根系生长密集区主要分布在浅部0~32.5 cm土层;土壤水盐运移受灌溉水下渗和棉花根系吸水作用的影响明显,盐分在25 cm深度以下累积,在棉花根系密集区含水量低、盐分高;微咸水灌溉处理下土壤剖面棉花平均根长密度小于淡水灌溉处理,而微咸水灌溉处理下土壤剖面平均含水率和电导率大于淡水灌溉处理;淡水灌溉处理下棉花地上部生长优于微咸水灌溉处理,其棉花产量高于微咸水灌溉处理约27.7%;长期使用微咸水覆膜灌溉易在深度15~32.5 cm根区棉花根系生长密集区形成高盐分胁迫,从而抑制棉花根系生长和地上部干物质累积,导致棉花减产。In order to explore the relationship between cotton root growth distribution and soil water-salt transport of under film-mulched irrigation with brackish water in arid area, the pot experiment was carried out at Bazhou irrigation experimental station to compare root growth distribution, soil water-salt transport and yield difference of cotton under brackish water and fresh water treatment at different growth stages.The results are as follows: the root growth distribution and soil water-salt transport dynamics of cotton treated with brackish and fresh water are similar in the whole growth period;the dense root growth area is mainly distributed in the shallow 0~32.5 cm soil layer.Soil water-salt transport is obviously affected by irrigation water infiltration and root water absorption;salt accumulates below 25 cm depth, and water content is low and salt is high in concentrated root area;the average root length density of soil profile treated with brackish water is lower than that treated with fresh water, while the average water content and electrical conductivity of soil profile are higher than that treated with fresh water.The shoot growth of fresh water treatment is better than that of brackish water treatment, and the yield is 27.7% higher than that of brackish water treatment.Long-term use of brackish water irrigation is easy to form high salt stress in the 15~32.5 cm deep root area where the root growth is dense, which inhibits root growth and dry matter accumulation in the above-ground, resulting in cotton yield reduction.

关 键 词：干旱区 微咸水 覆膜灌溉 棉花根系生长分布 土壤水盐运移 相互作用 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]