殷墟卜辞所见雨祀乐舞综论  

Rain-Praying Music and Dance on the Oracle Inscriptions of Yin Ruins

作　　者：屠志芬[1] TU Zhi-fen(Institute of Art Studies,Jilin University of the Arts,Changchun 130021,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林艺术学院艺术学研究所,长春130021

出　　处：《北京舞蹈学院学报》2022年第4期27-35,共9页Journal of Beijing Dance Academy

摘　　要：雨祀乐舞是商代最重要的乐舞类型,早在甲骨文研究之初即受到关注,然迄今为止未获系统认知。对甲骨卜辞中雨祀乐舞信息的通盘整理,为全面了解该乐舞提供了可能。就祭求功能而言,雨祀乐舞主要是为求雨,有时也会以万舞、戚舞、刚舞、多■舞等特定乐舞求“不雨”或止雨;就致祭对象而言,除了雨神,还会向■等先公以及河、岳二神跳舞求雨;就舞者而言,既见万、■、老等专业舞臣,也有商王、卜官和武官,烄祭仪式上的人牲中可能包含舞雩的女巫;就应用方法而言,有时单独用舞,偶尔单独用乐,旱情严重还会连续多日用舞,或合祭自然神、祖先神,以更加隆重的仪式求降雨。卜辞所载雨祀乐舞中“舞”所占比重极大,体现了商人“舞善事无形”的巫舞观念。The rain-praying music and dance was the most important type of music and dance in the Shang Dynasty,which has received academic attention since the beginning of the research on oracle bone inscriptions,however it has not been systematically studied so far.The comprehensive review of the rain-praying music and dance on oracle inscriptions makes it possible to get a whole picture of it.In terms of praying function,the music and dance was mainly for rain-praying,and sometimes specific dances such as Wan dance,Qi dance,Gang dance,and Duo ■ dance were used for “no rain” or stopping rain.In terms of praying objects,in addition to the god of rain,people also danced for ancestors such as Kun(■),■ ,and god of river and god of mountain to pray for rain.In terms of dancers,there were not only professional dancers such as Wan,■,Lao,but also King Shang,oracle officials and military officials,and the human offerings on the incinerating sacrificial ceremonies may include dance witches.In terms of means,sometimes dance was used alone,and occasionally music was used alone.When severer droughts came,dance would last for several consecutive days,and more solemn rain-praying ceremonies would combine god of nature and god of ancestors.The “dance” in the rain-praying music and dance on the oracle inscriptions accounted for a huge proportion,embodying the witch-dance concept of “dance is good at serving for the invisible” in the Shang Dynasty.

关 键 词：殷墟卜辞 雨祀 乐舞 雩祭 

分 类 号：J709[艺术—舞蹈]