秘密握手协议、生产率传递与工资的规模溢价  

Secret Handshake Agreement,Productivity Transfer,and Scale Premium of Wages

作　　者：刘元春 丁洋 LIU Yuanchun;DING Yang(Shanghai University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学,上海200413 [2]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《金融研究》2022年第9期20-38,共19页Journal of Financial Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14ZDB123)的资助。

摘　　要：头部企业为什么能打破市场均衡而将生产率优势转化为工资租?理论分析表明,市场份额越大,雇主与雇员之间越易达成“秘密握手协议”,即通过联合来操纵劳动供给,以抬高人均生产率并进行分割。在这一过程中,员工分割比例虽有所下降,但不足以抵消人均生产率上升的影响,进而产生工资租。以上市公司为例,市场份额位于前10%的头部企业,人均生产率对工资的传递力度仅比市场份额位于中位值附近的企业低4%,但人均生产率却高出40%以上,直接导致了较高的工资优势。进一步借鉴Blanchard and Summers(1986)的方法进行检验,发现头部企业确实存在更明显的“合谋”迹象,程度比中位值附近的企业高出近一倍。“秘密握手协议”的本质是通过限制劳动力流动阻碍工资均等化,在扎实推进共同富裕的道路上,不仅要反产品市场垄断,也要防范不合理攫取生产率红利的行为。In recent years,the problem of wage distribution imbalance between workers in China has become serious.The wage level of some enterprises,especially leading enterprises,is very high and is increasing rapidly,whereas that of some other companies remains relatively low.Why the wage level of leading enterprises is so large remains in question.According to the neoclassical theory,as long as labor flows freely,wages tend to be equalized across enterprises and the productivity gap disappears because marginal productivity is strictly equal to wages.Even if leading enterprises have higher productivity at the beginning because of their scale and capital advantages,it may only lead to greater employment and not cause drastic changes in wages.Therefore,many scholars pay little attention to the productivity gap when explaining the wage differences between enterprises.However,in practice,the productivity advantage of leading enterprises can often be smoothly transferred to wages,known as the wage premium.According to existing explanations,the wage premium mostly stems from employees’human capital,per-capita capital,technical,and resulting per-capita productivity advantages.This paper attempts to explain the following problems from another perspective:in the enterprise scale expansion process,what type of transmission mechanism exists between enterprise productivity,per-capita productivity,and wages,and how does this mechanism evolve?Wages are an important part of income.Clarifying the above issues is conducive to recognizing the source of the wage gap,which has important research implications.In the theoretical dimension,this paper aims to explain the impact of productivity on wages in different situations,focusing on the role of market shares as an intermediary variable.By constructing a model of labor supply and demand under incomplete competition,we find with greater market share,it is easier for employers and employees to reach a tacit understanding;the employers reach some form of a secret handshake agreement with empl

关 键 词：市场势力 秘密握手协议 生产率传递 规模溢价 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理] F832.51[经济管理—国民经济] F273