论检验报告的证据能力  

On Evidential Capacity of the Inspection Report

作　　者：奚玮[1] XI Wei(School of Law,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学法学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《浙江工商大学学报》2022年第5期72-85,共14页Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“错案责任追究与司法人员心理危机相关性研究”(15BFX091);安徽省社会科学规划重点项目“面向生态文明建设的安徽环境污染犯罪治理研究”(AHSKZ2021D03)。

摘　　要：检验报告是解决刑事案件专门性问题的科学证据。其与鉴定意见、专门性问题报告或专业人员推断结论等有着显著的区别。作为科学证据,检验报告具有证据能力的条件是具有刑事证据的形式要件和实质要件,且以检验报告的证据相关性为核心,判断检验报告的证明价值。检验报告应用于刑事诉讼中特别类型的专门性问题,检验报告的制作主体应具有科学共同体的专业资格,检验程序符合科学即特定的规范操作流程。检验报告具有明确的适用范围和证明对象,检验报告的技术标准应以国家或国际官方颁布的标准为准。指导性案例重申了检验报告作为刑事证据种类的实践价值。在大数据时代,检验报告应成为刑事证明理论和刑事司法实践可供选择的科学的证明方法。The inspection report is the scientific evidence to solve the specialized problems in criminal cases.It is significantly different from expert opinions,specialized problem reports or professional inference conclusions.As scientific evidence,the condition that the inspection report has evidential capacity is that it has the formal and substantive elements of criminal evidence,and takes the evidential relevance of the inspection report as the core to judge the probative value of the inspection report.The inspection report should be applied to special types of specialized problems in criminal proceedings.The production subject of the inspection report should have the professional qualification of the scientific community.The inspection procedure should be in line with the scientific,that is,the specific standard operation procedure.The inspection report should have a clear scope of application and certification object.The technical standards of the inspection report should be based on the standards promulgated by national or international officials.The guiding cases reaffirm the practical value of the inspection report as a kind of criminal evidence.In the age of big data,the inspection report should become a scientific proof method for the theory of criminal proof and criminal judicial practice.

关 键 词：科学证据 检验 证据能力 形式要件 实质要件 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]