克林顿·理查德·道金斯:分子生物学时代的进化论“先知”  

Clinton Richard Dawkins: An Evolutionary “Prophet” in the Molecular Biology Era

作　　者：刘利 LIU Li(School of Marxism,North China University of Technology,Beijing,100144)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学马克思主义学院,北京100144

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2022年第11期110-119,共10页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“道金斯‘扩展的表型’进化思想研究”(项目编号:18ZXC008);北京市教育委员会社科计划一般项目“社会生物学理论中的文化基因概念研究”(项目编号:SM201810009008)。

摘　　要：《自私的基因》一举成名的背后,是“达尔文革命”在分子生物学时代的最终成功。牛津学者道金斯根基深厚,生逢其时,于此书中立足刚刚勘定的生物世界边界,力助选择论在作为遗传学成熟的突变论基础上站稳了脚跟。凭借将“基因-表型”还原为“复制者-载体”,面向一门“适应科学”的基因中心视角得以澄清,“新达尔文主义”的个体中心视角残余也消融于“扩展的表型”的开放视野。按照“现代复制者”DNA的标准寻找“新的复制者”,则由“基因”引出了“模因”的概念。此外,他还积极联合科技产业界精英,共创“公众理解科学”讲席,以进化论宣扬理性之美,以理性主义反击神秘主义,掀起了“新无神论”的浪潮,俨然一位虔诚守护科学文化火种的当代“先知”。Behind The Selfish Gene rising to fame is the ultimate success of the “Darwinian Revolution” in the age of molecular biology.As an Oxford scholar,Dawkins was born under a lucky star and at the right time.In this book,he established himself on the just-surveyed boundary of the biological world,helping powerfully the selection theory gain a firm foothold on the basis of the mutation theory which had become mature as genetics.By reducing “gene-phenotype” to “replicator-vehicle”,the gene-centered view of evolution for a “science of adaptation” had been clarified,with the neo-Darwinian remnant individual-centered view melting into the open vision of “extended phenotype”.By searching the new replicator like the modern replicator DNA,the concept of “meme” was derived from “gene”.Besides he tried to join forces with elites in scientific and technological industry,co-founding a chair in “public understanding of science”,used the theory of evolution to popularize the beauty of rationality,fought against mysticism by rationalism,and led the “New Atheism” movement,just like a contemporary “prophet” who had been devoutly guarding the fire of scientific culture.

关 键 词：克林顿·理查德·道金斯 基因 表型 模因 公众理解科学 无神论 

分 类 号：Q111[生物学—普通生物学]