法秩序统一原理下环境污染罪构成要件再阐释——以《民法典》第九条为底层伦理  

Reinterpretation of the Constitutive Elements of the Environmental Pollution Crime Based on the Principle of Unity of Legal Order:Taking Article 9 of Chinese Civil Code as the Underlying Ethic

作　　者：端木玉芳 DUANMU Yufang

机构地区：[1]中共宜春市委党校马克思主义基本原理教研室

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期93-118,共26页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“生态文明时代环境刑法立法问题研究”(项目编号:20BFX073)。

摘　　要：污染环境罪修改后接连出台司法解释,事实上反映了本罪在我国司法实践中定罪标准的弱化。随着环境保护需求的日益升高,因规范上的需要,实践中产生了将部分并没有恶化环境质量的行为解释为严重污染环境、将没有侵害法益的行为界定为严重污染环境的污染环境罪,污染环境罪存在构成要件范围被规范解释得过于宽泛的问题。究其原因,立法层面上罪名设置不合理、“违反国家规定”等语词使用不准确,司法层面上客观构成要件和主观构成要件因实质化倾向造成的松动共同带来了定罪标准的松动。《民法典》第九条表明,绿色发展模式已成为我国生态文明建设的底层伦理,而法秩序统一性能对污染环境罪的保护法益产生积极影响,在此基础上,应以生态学的人类中心主义法益论界定污染环境罪:污染环境罪应当既是实害犯又是抽象危险犯,本罪的结果和罪量应当根据法益具体阐释,主观构成要件或罪过形式只能是故意。Since the amendment of the environmental pollution crime,its judicial interpretations have been issued one after another,which in essence reflects the weakening of the conviction standard of this crime in our judicial practice. With increasing demand for environmental protection out of normative requirements,some problems have emerged. Some acts that do not deteriorate environmental quality are interpreted as serious environmental pollution;some acts that do not infringe on the legal interests are defined as serious environmental pollution crime;and the scope of the constitutive elements of the crime of environmental pollution is interpreted too broadly. The underlying reasons can be attributed to unreasonable accusation setting at the legislative level,inaccurate application of words such as "violation of the national regulations",and the loosening of conviction criterion brought by the loosening of objective and subjective constitutive elements due to the substantiation tendency on the legislative level. The ninth article of the Civil Code states that the green development model has become the basic ethic to the ecological civilization construction in our country,and the unity of legal order has a positive impact on the protection of legal interests related to the environmental pollution crime. On this basis,it is necessary to adopt the legal interest theory of anthropocentrism in ecology. Accordingly,the environmental pollution crime should be both an actual damage crime and an abstract dangerous crime;the result and sentencing of this crime should be interpreted specifically according to legal interests,and the subjective constitutive elements or the form of subject culpability can only be intentional.

关 键 词：污染环境罪 生态学人类中心主义 实害犯 抽象危险犯 故意犯罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]