有机肥、有机酸配施化肥对绿洲棉田土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizers and Organic Acids Combined with Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities in Oasis Cotton Fields

作　　者：何强 王宇莹 王雪艳 颜杰 龚会蝶 刘耘华[1] 陈波浪[1] 张凯[1] 盛建东[1] HE Qiang;WANG Yu-ying;WANG Xue-yan;YAN Jie;GONG Hui-die;LIU Yun-hua;CHEN Bo-lang;ZHANG Kai;SHENG Jian-dong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Process/College of Resources and Environ-ment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2021年第6期436-442,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：2020年中央财政农业资源及生态保护补助资金项目(2020A01002-3)。

摘　　要：为探究有机肥、有机酸配施化肥对棉田土壤质量和棉花产量的增效作用。本研究设置单施化肥(氮肥220 kg/hm^(2),磷肥100 kg/hm^(2),钾肥90 kg/hm^(2))、有机肥(腐熟牛粪)配施化肥(氮肥220 kg/hm^(2),磷肥100 kg/hm^(2),钾肥90 kg/hm^(2),腐熟牛粪1.5 t/hm^(2))、有机酸(乙酸)配施化肥(氮肥220 kg/hm^(2),磷肥100 kg/hm^(2),钾肥90 kg/hm^(2),乙酸1.5 L/hm^(2))3个处理,分析其对棉田土壤养分、微生物生物量、土壤中重要酶的活性以及棉花产量的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机肥配施化肥显著增加了土壤微生物生物量碳、磷含量和过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性及单铃重、籽棉产量(P<0.05);有机酸配施化肥能显著增加土壤微生物生物量磷含量、碱性磷酸酶活性、单株铃数和籽棉产量(P<0.05)。土壤微生物生物量碳、磷含量与籽棉产量显著正相关,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性与单铃重、籽棉产量均显著正相关(P<0.05)。有机肥和有机酸分别配施化肥可以增加土壤微生物生物量并能提高酶活性,加快了土壤碳、氮、磷等养分循环,有利于作物对养分的吸收利用,提高棉花产量。与有机酸配施化肥相比,有机肥配施化肥对棉田土壤肥力及棉花产量的增益更佳。To study the synergistic effect of organic fertilizer and organic acid combined with chemical fertilizer on soil quality and cotton yield in cotton field.In this study,three treatments were set up:single application of chemical fertilizer(nitrogen fertilizer:220 kg/hm^(2),phosphate fertilizer:100 kg/hm^(2),potassium fertilizer:90 kg/hm^(2)),organic fertilizer(fermented cow dung)and chemical fertilizer(nitrogen fertilizer:220 kg/hm^(2),phosphate fertilizer:100 kg/hm^(2),potassium fertilizer:90 kg/hm^(2),fermented cow dung:1.5 t/hm^(2)),organic acid(acetic acid)and chemical fertilizer(nitrogen fertilizer:220 kg/hm^(2),phosphate fertilizer:100 kg/hm^(2),potassium fertilizer:90 kg/hm^(2),acetic acid:1.5 L/hm^(2)),after that,their effects on soil nutrients,microbial biomass,activities of important enzymes in soil and cotton yield were studied.The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer alone,organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizersignificantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon,phosphorus,catalase,sucrase,alkaline phosphatase activity,boll weight per boll and seed cotton yield(P<0.05);organic acids combined with chemical fertilizers significantly increased soil microbial biomass,phosphorus content,alkaline phosphatase activity,boll number per plant and seed cotton yield(P<0.05).Soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus contents were positively correlated with seed cotton yield,while soil urease,catalase and alkaline phosphatase activities were positively correlated with boll weight and seed cotton yield(P<0.05).The finding revealed that organic fertilizer and organic acid combined with chemical fertilizer could increase soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity,accelerate soil nutrient cycle such as carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus,and be beneficial to the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops,increase the yield of cotton.Compared with organic acid combined with chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer has a better effect on soil fertility an

关 键 词：有机肥 有机酸 土壤微生物生物量 土壤酶活性 棉田 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学]