对叶百部种子生物学特性研究  

Study on the Biological Characteristics of Stemona tuberosa Seeds

作　　者：连艳[1] 王红兰[2] 杨萍 杜玖珍[2] 蒋桂华[1] 孙洪兵[2] 周毅[2] 蒋舜媛[2] 朱文涛[2] LIAN Yan;WANG Honglan;YANG Ping;DU Jiuzhen;JIANG Guihua;SUN Hongbing;ZHOU Yi;JIANG Shunyuan;ZHU Wentao(Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu Sichuan 611137,China;Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院,西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,中药材标准化重点实验室,四川成都611137 [2]四川省中医药科学院,成都610041

出　　处：《种子》2022年第10期101-107,共7页Seed

基　　金：四川省2022年度基本科研业务费项目(2022 JDKY 0013);四川省自然科学基金项目(2022 NSFSC 1548)。

摘　　要：为了解对叶百部种子的基本生物学特性,以野生引种对叶百部种子为材料,系统开展种子表型特征、吸水特性、萌发特性、储藏特性和休眠特性等方面研究。结果表明,对叶百部种子棕褐色至黑褐色,主体呈椭圆形至卵圆形,表面具纵向槽纹,种柄、内脐、种脊等胚珠遗迹明显,具丰富胚乳和直立型胚,千粒重25.31 g,形态学性状变异大。对叶百部种子最佳萌发温度为30℃,且对温度极度敏感,表现出狭窄适应性。种皮透水性良好,但对胚根的萌发存在机械阻碍,是种子致眠的主要因素。破除种皮障碍后种子发芽率和发芽势分别提高46.08%和112.29%,发芽时滞缩短100%。对叶百部种子不耐储存,种子活力随储藏时间增加快速降低,超过16个月基本丧失萌发能力,属短命型种子。To clarify the basic biological characteristics of Stemona tuberosa seeds,wild introduced seeds were used as experimental materials to carried out the research on phenotypic characteristics,water absorption characteristics,germination characteristics,storage characteristics and dormancy characteristics of seed.The results showed that the seed was brown to dark brown,the main body was ovalwere oval,with longitudinal stripes on the surface of the seed coat.The seedstalk,chalaza and raphe belonging to ovule traces were obvious,of which kernels had abundant endosperm with erect embryo.The morphological indexes of seeds varied greatly,water content 14.30%and 1000-seed weight of 25.31 g.Optimum germination temperature of S.tuberosa seeds was 30℃,and it was extremely sensitive to temperature,showing narrow adaptability to temperature.The seeds coat of S.tuberosa showed excellent water permeability,but it caused mechanical hindrance to the germination of radicle which was the main factor causing seed dormancy.The germination rate and germination potential of seeds were increased by 46.08%and 112.29%,respectively,and the time lag of germination was shortened by 100%after removing the testa mechanical obstruction.S.tuberosa seeds should not be stored for a long time.The seed vigor decreased rapidly with the increase of storage time,and the seed basically lost germination ability after 16 months belonging to short-lived seeds.

关 键 词：对叶百部 种子 生物学特性 储藏特性 种皮障碍 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]