7种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病菌的抑菌效果试验  

Antifungal Effects of Seven Biological Fungicides Against the Pathogen Causing Stem Rot Disease in Passion Fruits

作　　者：邝瑞彬[1] 杨敏 周陈平 杨护[1] 黄炳雄[1] 魏岳荣[1] KUANG Ruibin;YANG Min;ZHOU Chenping;YANG Hu;HUANG Bingxiong;WEI Yuerong(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第10期104-111,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系优稀水果产业创新团队建设项目(2021KJ116);广州市农村科技特派员项目(GDKTP202012)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确7种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病的防治效果,筛选高效安全生物药剂用于指导百香果生产。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法测定7种生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病菌的毒力效果,观察药剂对病原菌孢子生长及形态的影响,并用离体接种法测定药剂的防治效果。【结果】7种生物药剂处理对菌落生长均有抑制作用,但对孢子的生长和形态的效果不同。室内毒力测试结果显示植物源药剂中抑菌效果最佳为井冈霉素(EC_(50)为7.79 mg/L),其次为春雷霉素(EC_(50)为26.35 mg/L)、乙蒜素(EC_(50)为28.65 mg/L)、苦参碱(EC_(50)为339.13 mg/L)和多抗霉素(EC_(50)为1 150.29 mg/L)。微生物药剂以枯草芽孢杆菌效果较好,EC_(50)为3.2×10^(6) CFU/g。筛选毒力较强的4种生物药剂均可抑制百香果茎基腐病不同菌株生长。离体试验和田间防效试验表明井冈霉素和枯草芽孢杆菌生物药剂对百香果茎基腐病防治效果显著,两者的离体防效分别为58.8%和70.6%,田间防治效果则达到53.7%和61.3%。【结论】针对百香果茎基腐病,筛选出枯草芽孢杆菌、井冈霉素两种抑菌效果最佳的生物药剂,可作为化学防治方法的替代或有效补充进行推广应用。【Objective】In order to screen safe and effective fungicides to provide guidance for passion fruit production,seven biological fungicides were used as materials to study their control effects on the pathogen causing stem rot disease in passion fruits.【Method】Seven botanical and microbiological fungicides were used to determine their toxicity effects on the pathogen causing stem rot disease in passion fruits by mycelium growth rate method,the effects of fungicides on mycelium growth and spore morphology were observed,and their control effects were tested by in vivo inoculation method.【Result】All the selected fungicides showed inhibition effects on mycelium growth but had different effects on spore growth and morphology.Based on the indoor toxicity test results,among the botanical fungicides,Jinggangmycin showed the best inhibition effect with an EC_(50 )of 7.79 mg/L,followed by Chunleimycin,ethylallicin and matrine,with the EC_(50 )of 26.35 mg/L,28.65 mg/L and 339.13 mg/L,respectively.Polyxins showed the lowest effect with an EC_(50 )of 1 150.29 mg/L.Microbiological fungicide of Bacillus subtilis showed better effect than Trichoderma harzianum,with an EC_(50 )of 3.2×10^(6) CFU/g.The four screened fungicides of Jinggangmycin,Chunleimycin,ethylallicin and B.subtilis showed antifungal effects on different strains of fusarium pathogen.The in vivo inoculation test and field test showed that Jinggangmycin and B.subtilis had remarkable control effects on the pathogen causing stem rot disease in passion fruits,with in vivo inoculation control efficacy of 58.8%and 70.6%,respectively,and field control efficacy of 53.7%and 61.3%,respectively.【Conclusion】Two biological fungicides of B.subtilis and Jinggangmycin were screened out for their optimal control effects on the stem rot disease in passion fruits.It can provide alternatives or effective supplements for chemical fungicides for the control of stem rot disease,which could be promoted and applied.

关 键 词：百香果 茎基腐病 生物药剂 毒力 抑菌 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学]