战国至秦汉时期简帛医籍中液体容量单位考证  

Research on Liquid Measurement Unit of Capacity in Bamboo and Silk Medical Books From Warring States Period to Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：苑祯 马捷 张林 YUAN Zhen;MA Jie;ZHANG Lin(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,100029;School of Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京市朝阳区100029 [2]北京中医药大学中医学院

出　　处：《中医杂志》2022年第20期1906-1910,共5页Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金(21DTR047);中国中医科学院科技创新工程(CI2021A03702)。

摘　　要：通过对出土的战国至秦汉时期简帛医籍《五十二病方》《病方及其它》《武威汉代医简》研究,可以得知三部医籍的方剂中常见液体容量单位有标准容量单位“升”“斗”“参”,非标准容量单位“杯”“瓯”“罋”“鍑”。通过考证,得出简帛医籍方剂中容量单位“升”“参”“斗”的折算关系为1参=1/3小斗,约合2.8~3升。推定出战国至秦汉时期简帛方剂中液体容量单位“一参”容积约合今560~600 ml。“杯”作为饮食常用器具,也常被用作药物容量单位,考证可知简帛方剂中容量单位“一杯”容积约合今250~350 ml,“半杯”容积约合今125~175 ml。本研究结果可为深入考察秦以前简帛医籍方药剂量提供依据。By analyzing the unearthed bamboo and silk medical books between the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties,namely Formulas for Fifty-two Diseases(《五十二病方》),Disease Prescriptions and Others(《病方及其它》)and Wuwei Han Slips(《武威汉代医简》),it was found that the common liquid units for capacity in the prescriptions of the three medical books included standard units sheng(升),dou(斗),can(参),and non-standard units bei(杯),ou(瓯),weng(罋)and fu(鍑).This article proves that"sheng","can"and"dou",the liquid units of prescriptions in the bamboo and silk medical books,had conversion relationship that 1 can=1/3 small dou,about2.8~3 sheng.And it is presumed that the liquid capacity unit 1 can in bamboo and silk medical books between Warring States Period and Qin and Han Dynasties is about 560~600 ml in modern society.As a common utensil for eating and drinking,"bei"is often used as a unit for liquid capacity in prescriptions,and is proved that 1 bei is equal to about 250~350 ml in modern society,and half bei is 125~175 ml.This study can provide a reference for further investigation of prescription dosage in bamboo and silk medical books before Qin Dynasty.

关 键 词：容量单位 简帛 《五十二病方》 《病方及其它》 《武威汉代医简》 杯 参 

分 类 号：R2-09[医药卫生—中医学] K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K231[历史地理—历史学] K232