休谟超越自然法的现代意义  

The Modern Significance of Hume’s Transcendence to Natural Law

作　　者：强以华[1] Qiang Yihua

机构地区：[1]湖北大学哲学学院

出　　处：《价值论与伦理学研究》2022年第1期108-119,共12页Axiology and Ethics

摘　　要：在西方哲学史上,休谟以他的经验论哲学为基础,在正义的来源和基础的问题上,用他的人为的协议(或同意)代替了以往的自由主义政治哲学倡导的自然法。他的这一做法彻底置换了西方近代自由主义政治哲学正义理论的基础,也就是说,用主观的基础代替了客观的基础,用历史的基础代替了逻辑的基础,用非永恒的基础代替了永恒的基础。尽管休谟的这一做法让西方自由主义政治哲学正义理论的基础变得更为现实可信,但是,正义理论的合理性在于“普遍”同意,他在把正义理论的基础变为主观的、历史的、非永恒的基础因而可能导致多元化时,也为这种普遍同意设置了障碍,从而使得西方现代自由主义政治哲学家不得不面对一种挑战,迫使他们通过新的课题来迎接这一挑战。就此而言,休谟对于自然法的超越具有重要的现代意义。In the history of western philosophy,Hume used his artificial agreement(or consent)to replace the natural law advocated by the previous liberal political philosophy and take it as the source and basis of justice based on his empiricist philosophy.What he did completely replaced the basis of justice theory of the Western liberal political philosophy,that is,replaced the objective basis with the subjective basis,replaced the basis of logic with the basis of history,and replaced the eternal basis with the non-eternal basis.Although Hume’s approach makes the foundation of justice theory of Western liberal political philosophy becomes more realistic and credible,it also sets obstacles for modern Western liberal political philosophy.That is to say,the rationality of justice theory lies in“universal”consent,when Hume turns the foundation of justice theory into a subjective,historical and non-eternal foundation which may lead to diversification,he makes modern Western liberal political philosophers have to face a challenge and forces them to meet this challenge through new topics.Therefore,Hume’s transcendence to natural law has important modern significance.

关 键 词：休谟 自然法 正义观 普遍同意 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]