矿区农地重金属污染风险农户认知状况——基于FCM法的案例研究  

Farmers′Cognition of Heavy Metal Pollution Risk of Framland in Mining Area:A Case Study Based on the FCM Method

作　　者：杨梅 陈勇 周皓[1] 梁雅琪 杨金凤 黄锦 YANG Mei;CHEN Yong;ZHOU Hao;LIANG Yaqi;YANG Jinfeng;HUANG Jin(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control,Wuhan 430081,China;Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources,Wuhan 430081,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院,湖北武汉430081 [2]国家环境保护矿冶资源利用与污染控制重点实验室,湖北武汉430081 [3]冶金矿产资源高效利用与造块湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430081

出　　处：《金属矿山》2022年第11期222-228,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41971237);国家环境保护矿冶资源利用与污染控制重点实验室开放基金项目(编号:HB201916)。

摘　　要：农户是矿区重金属污染农地的直接使用者,农户对农地重金属污染风险的认知关系到农地安全利用行为的采用以及农户的身体健康。将矿区农地重金属污染风险农户认知划分为原因认知、事实认知、损失认知和响应认知4个层次,通过半结构访谈法对大冶市典型矿区重金属污染风险农户认知情况进行了调查,建立了矿区农地重金属污染风险农户模糊认知图,形成了以图论指数分析、认知程度分析、仿真模拟分析为一体的矿区农地重金属污染风险农户认知分析方法。研究表明:①农户对重金属污染的认知主要还是基于感性认识,由于农地收入不再是农户的主要经济来源,农户较为关注的是生活环境和身体健康,面对风险最容易想到的是抛荒弃耕和改变种植结构等被动适应措施,而对土壤污染、农产品价格降低、地租减少的关注相对较低,对翻耕改土、修复治理等主动缓解和治理措施的关注不足;②农户的总体风险认知程度不高,对风险原因、风险事实、风险损失和风险响应的认知程度呈逐级递减趋势,农户对风险来源的认知相对清晰,但对风险事实、风险损失和风险响应的认知程度均较低,特别是农户对土壤污染认知程度很低,会严重影响到农地的安全利用和农户自身健康。Farmers are the direct users of heavy metals polluted farmland in mining areas,and their awareness of the risks of heavy metal pollution in farmland is related to the adoption of safe use behaviors of farmland and the health of farmers themselves.In this paper,farmers′perceptions of heavy metal pollution risks in farmland in mining areas are divided into four levels:cause perception,fact perception,loss perception and response perception.The semi-structural interview method was used to investigate the cognition of heavy metal pollution risk of farmers in typical mining areas in Daye City,and the fuzzy cognition map of heavy metal pollution risk of farmers in mining areas was established.The cognitive analysis method of heavy metal pollution risk of farmers in mining areas was formed by integrating graph theory index analysis,cognition degree analysis and simulation analysis.The study results show that:①Farmers′cognition is mainly based on perceptual knowledge.Since farmland income is no longer the main source of income for farmers,farmers are more concerned about the living environment and physical health.In the face of risk,it is easy to think of passive adaptation measures such as abandoning wasteland and changing planting structure.Passive adaptation measures such as abandoning farmland and changing planting structure,while paying relatively little attention to soil pollution,price reduction of agricultural products,and land rent reduction,and insufficient attention to active mitigation and governance measures such as plowing,soil improvement,and restoration.②The overall risk awareness of farmers is not high,and the awareness of risk reasons,risk facts,risk losses and risk responses is gradually decreasing.Farmers have a relatively clear understanding of risk sources,but they are relatively clear about risk facts,risk losses and risk responses.The cognition level of soil pollution is low,especially the low level of farmers′awareness of soil pollution,which will seriously affect the safe use of farmla

关 键 词：FCM 重金属污染 农户认知程度 神经网络 矿区 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]