从科举到修学能力考试:韩国考试文化之流变  

From Imperial Examination to Academic Ability Test:The Evolution of Korean Examination Culture

作　　者：张振宇 凌磊 ZHANG Zhenyu;LING Lei(Chung Ang University,ROK 17546,Korean;Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]韩国中央大学历史系,首尔17546 [2]宁波大学教师教育学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《中国考试》2022年第12期80-86,共7页journal of China Examinations

摘　　要：公元958年高丽光宗引进中国的科举作为高丽王朝的选官制度,科举考试由此在朝鲜半岛生根发芽。韩国考试制度经历了萌芽期、建立期、变化期和发展期4个阶段,分别为高丽时期的科举考试、朝鲜时期的科举考试、日帝时代考试和光复后的大学修学能力考试。韩国考试观念文化随时代变化呈现不同特点,从古代的“考而优则仕”到近代的“为半岛光复而考”,再到现代的“举全家之力为考”。韩国的考试制度从高丽时期的科举到当今的大学修学能力考试,虽然考试方式、考试内容等都发生了较大变化,但考试的核心追求没有改变,即公平、公正地选拔人才,这也是考试文化渊源流长的关键所在。In 958 AD,Kwangjong of Goryeo introduced China’s imperial examination system as the election system of the Goryeo Dynasty.Since then,the imperial examination has taken root on the Korean peninsula,and the unique examination culture of the Korean peninsula has also emerged.The Korean examination culture has experienced four stages:the budding period,the establishment period,the changing period and the development period.They are the imperial examinations in the Goryeo period,the imperial examinations in the Joseon period,the Japanese imperial examinations and the academic ability examinations after the Restoration.The Korean examination culture has shown different characteristics with the changes of the times:the ancient“examination and the excellent one will become official”,the modern“examination for the restoration of the peninsula”,and the modern“everything and everything is tested”.This study aims to figure out the characteristics of the flow and change of its examination culture and to explore the unchanging core concepts and elements behind the Korean examination culture.

关 键 词：考试文化 科举制度 韩国考试制度 大学修学能力考试 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]