论技术侦查证据庭外核实的性质调整与程序完善--以2021年《刑诉法解释》为中心的考察  

On the Nature Adjustment and Procedure Perfection of Technical Investigation Evidence Verification Out of Court--Focusing on the Interpretation of Criminal Procedure Law in 2021

作　　者：艾明[1] Ai Ming

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学刑事检察研究中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第6期130-143,共14页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“公诉案件人民检察院证明责任减轻制度研究”(GJ2022D07)。

摘　　要：2021年《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法〉的解释》第120条明确了技术侦查证据当庭调查和庭外核实之间的关系,将庭外核实程序由平行独立性质调整为后置补充性质。这一调整有助于体现以审判为中心的改革要求,落实证据裁判原则,统一规范法官庭外调查核实权的行使,保障被告人的质证权,进步意义明显。然而,得到初步改进的技术侦查证据调查核实程序仍然存在着控方出示的技术侦查证据所含证据信息过于简略笼统,庭外核实的启动标准不明确,庭外核实的对象未做有效区分等问题。未来技术侦查证据调查核实程序的持续完善应当聚焦上述问题,提出新的有建设性的解决方案。Article 120 of the Interpretation of Criminal Procedure Law in 2021 clarifies the relationship between in-court investigation of technical investigation evidence and out-of-court verification,and adjusts the out-of-court verification procedure from parallel independent nature to post-complementary nature.This adjustment reflects the requirement of trial-centered reform,implements the principle of evidentiary adjudication,standardizes the exercise of the judges'right of out-of-court investigation and verification,and guarantees the defendant's right to cross-examine,thus representing a significant progress.However,there are still some problems in the initially improved procedure of investigation and verification of technical investigation evidence;for example,the information contained in the technical investigation evidence presented by the prosecution is too brief and general,the starting standard of out-of-court verification is not clear,and the objects of out-of-court verification are not effectively distinguished.The continuous improvement of the investigation and verification procedure of technical investigation evidence in the future should focus on new constructive solutions to these problems.

关 键 词：技术侦查证据 当庭调查 庭外核实 平行独立性质 后置补充性质 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]