基于蜂类视觉的北京公园常用园林植物花色分析  

Analysis on flower color of common garden plants in Beijing parks based on bees visual system

作　　者：吴宜静 赵天祎 王露 张一鸣 蔡明[1] 李运远[1] 刘燕[1] 张启翔[1] Wu Yijing;Zhao Tianyi;Wang Lu;Zhang Yiming;Cai Ming;Li Yunyuan;Liu Yan;Zhang Qixiang(Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation&Molecular Breeding,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education,School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室,国家花卉工程技术研究中心,城乡生态环境北京实验室,园林环境教育部工程研究中心,林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室,北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第11期100-110,共11页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：北京市重点研发计划项目(D171100007117003);北京林业大学建设世界一流学科和特色发展引导专项(2019XKJS0322)。

摘　　要：【目的】蜂类是城市传粉昆虫的主要类群,具有重要的生态服务功能,而人类活动和城市发展导致蜂类数量与多样性下降。本研究基于蜂类视觉模型,评估分析各花色特征与蜂类招引能力的关系,为建立蜂类友好型园林植物的筛选体系和保护城市蜂类传粉昆虫奠定基础。【方法】以奥林匹克森林公园、海淀公园、朝阳公园等6个北京市内公园的常用园林植物为研究对象,从蜂类视觉的角度,通过光谱仪测量花反射光谱,并结合蜂类视觉模型,分析了春季与夏秋季开花的园林植物的花色多样性、花色与背景的对比度等色彩特征。【结果】不同季节和不同色系开花植物的色彩特征存在显著性差异。春季开花植物的花色标记点平均绝对偏差和最小绝对偏差(400 nm)显著低于夏秋季,表明春季开花植物比夏秋季开花植物更易被蜂类识别,但春季花色多样性较低。比较了白色系、黄色系、红色系、粉色系和蓝紫色系植物花色特征,发现黄色系花色多样性最高,红色系花色多样性最低。比较了不同色系的平均绝对偏差和最小绝对偏差,发现黄色系、白色系和粉色系开花植物易被蜂类识别,红色系开花植物难被蜂类识别。【结论】花色光谱标记点偏差、非彩色对比度和彩色对比度能够作为筛选蜂类友好型园林植物的指标。[Objective] Bees, the main species of urban pollinators, have significant ecological service function. However, human activities and urbanization had led to a decline in the number and diversity of pollinators. Based on the bees vision model, we assessed the influence of floral color characteristics on the bees-attracted ability. The results could be useful for establishing a selecting indicator system for beesfriendly landscape plants and lay a foundation for maintaining the stability of urban ecosystem.[Method] Taking the commonly used landscape plants in six green spaces of Beijing as the research objects, we used the floral reflectance spectrum measured by a spectrometer and bees vision model to analyze the floral characteristics, including color diversity and contrast against the background of flowering plants in spring and summer-autumn. [Result] There were significant differences in the floral characteristics of flowering plants of different seasons and color systems. The mean absolute deviation and minimum absolute deviation(400 nm) of spring blooming plants were significantly lower than those of summerautumn blooming plants, indicating that the spring blooming plants were easier to be perceived, while the floral color diversity of the spring blooming plants was lower. Moreover, comparing the flower color characteristics of white, yellow, red, pink, and blue-purple flower plants, we observed that the floral color diversity was high for yellow flower plants and low for the red ones. The values of mean absolute deviation and minimum absolute deviation indicated that yellow, white and pink flower plants were easy to be perceived, whereas it was hard for bees to perceive red flower plants. [Conclusion] The deviation value of floral color spectral marker-points, achromatic contrast against background and chromatic contrast against background could be used as indicators for selecting bees-friendly landscape plants.

关 键 词：蜂类 传粉昆虫 花色 蜂类视觉 园林植物 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]