城市老人居家养老服务的有效需求及其影响因素  

A Study on the Effective Demand of Home-based Elderly Care Services for the Urban Elderly and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：周建芳[1] ZHOU Jian-fang

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学人口研究院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2022年第11期116-128,共13页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20ARK003)——居家养老家庭支持体系研究。

摘　　要：基于对南京市988位居家养老老人的问卷调查数据,探讨了城市老人居家养老服务的有效需求现状及其影响因素。结果发现,仅分别有6.78%、14.27%、9.62%和33.40%的老人明确表示愿意购买精神慰藉、生活照料、紧急援助和助餐服务,而对应的主观需要比例则分别为45.24%、52.53%、44.58%和52.83%。有较多收入较低的老人的客观需要没有转化为有效需求。制约城市老人居家养老服务有效需求的主要是资源性因素和健康因素,而非个人倾向性特征;基本养老公共服务供给对有效需求存在着可能的带动作用。建议市场供给和政府购买的居家服务项目在优先顺序和服务重点方面有所区别,做好宣传工作,且更多采取现金补贴或优惠服务券的方式直接补贴到人,促进老人将主观需要转化为有效需求以减少福利依赖。Through the analysis of 988 valid questionnaire survey data of the elderly in Nanjing, this paper explores the current situation of effective needs of home care services for the urban elderly and its influencing factors. It was found that only 6.78%、14.27%、9.62% and 33.40% of the elderly expressed willingness to purchase spiritual comfort life care, emergency assistance and meal assistance services respectively, while the proportions of the elderly who said they had corresponding subjective service needs were 45.24%, 52.53%, 44.58% and 52.83% respectively.Among the elderly with relatively low income, more of their objective needs had not been transformed into effective needs. The main factor restricting the urban elderly from purchasing home-based elderly care services was those resource and health factors rather than personal tendency characteristics. The supply of basic elderly care public services may play a driving role in the effective demand. It is suggested that there should be a distinction between the priority and service focus of the home service items purchased by the market and the government, publicity work should be done well and more cash subsidies or preferential service vouchers should be used to directly subsidize people, so as to promote the elderly population to transform their basic service needs into effective demands and reduce their dependence on the welfare of the government.

关 键 词：城市老人 居家养老服务 有效需求 主观需要 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]