不同遮阴模式对茶园生境及夏茶品质的影响  

Effects of different shading models on tea garden habitat and tea quality in summer

作　　者：廖青[1] 梁潘霞[1] 邢颖[1] 姚卓帆 刘永贤[1] 江泽普[1] LIAO Qing;LIANG Pan-xia;XING Ying;YAO Zhuo-fan;LIU Yong-xian;JIANG Ze-pu(Agricultural Resource and Environmental Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Guiping Xishan Bishui Tea Garden Co.,Ltd.,Guangxi 537200,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南宁530007 [2]广西桂平市西山碧水茶园有限责任公司,广西桂平537200

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第9期2001-2008,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB19245005);广西青年基金项目(2018GXNSFBA281161);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021JM08)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨夏季不同遮阴模式对茶园生境及夏茶品质的影响,筛选适宜的茶树遮阴模式,为广西优质夏茶生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2020年夏季,以金萱茶为试验品种,设置黑色遮阳网2种遮光度(60%和75%)、2种覆盖高度(离地1.3 m和1.8 m处)条件下的4个遮阴处理,即60%遮光度+1.3 m覆盖高度(T1处理)、60%遮光度+1.8 m覆盖高度(T2处理)、75%遮光度+1.3 m覆盖高度(T3处理)和75%遮光度+1.8 m覆盖高度(T4处理),以露天茶园为对照(CK),开展茶园不同遮阴模式栽培试验,分析各处理茶园的光照强度、空气温度、空气相对湿度和土壤温度等生境指标及夏茶叶绿素、茶多酚、氨基酸、维生素C、水浸出物和咖啡碱等品质指标。【结果】不同遮阴模式均能有效减少夏季茶园的光照强度,降低空气温度和土壤温度,增加茶园空气相对湿度,改善茶园生境,提高夏茶品质。其中,T3和T4处理改善茶园生境的效果优于T1和T2处理。遮阴25 d后,夏茶的叶绿素总量表现为T3处理>T4处理>T2处理>T1处理,分别较CK显著增加79.66%、56.13%、28.24%和17.31%(P<0.05,下同);茶多酚含量表现为T4处理<T3处理<T2处理<T1处理,分别较CK显著降低14.82%、9.68%、1.27%和0.82%;游离氨基酸含量表现为T4处理>T3处理>T2处理>T1处理,分别较CK显著增加14.67%、10.67%、5.78%和4.00%;氨基酸组分中的必需氨基酸占比表现为T4处理>T2处理>T1处理>T3处理,分别较CK增加2.85%、2.75%、1.77%和1.59%;酚氨比表现为T4处理<T3处理<T2处理<T1处理,分别较CK显著降低25.63%、18.43%、6.87%和4.52%;维生素C含量表现为T2处理>T4处理>T1处理>T3处理,分别较CK显著增加13.74%、12.73%、10.01%和8.31%;水浸出物含量表现为T4处理>T2处理>T3处理>T1处理,相较于CK,T4和T2处理分别显著增加65.53%和16.00%,T3处理减少3.92%但差异不显著(P>0.05,下同),而T1处理显著减少5.28%;各遮阴处理夏茶的咖啡碱含量与CK无显著差异【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore effects of different shading models on tea garden habitat and the quality of summer tea,to find out the suitable shading models for tea trees,so as to provide theoretical basis for the production of high-quality summer tea in Guangxi.【Method】In summer of 2020,Jinxuan was used as the test variety,and black shading net was used as the shading material and 4 shading treatments T1(60%shading+1.3 m shed covering),T2(60%shading+1.8 m shed covering),T3(75%shading+1.3 m shed covering)and T4(75%shading+1.8 m shed covering)were set,with no shading as the control(CK).Cultivation experiments of different shading models were carried out in tea garden,and the tea garden habitat index(illumination intensity,air temperature,air relative humidity and soil temperature)and the quality ingredients index of tea(chlorophyll,tea polyphenol,amino acid,vitamin C,water extractive,caffeine)were analyzed.【Result】Different shading models could effectively reduce the illumination intensity,air temperature and soil temperature,increase the air relative humidity,improve the habitat of tea garden and improve the quality of summer tea.Effect of treatments T3 and T4 on improving tea garden habitat were better than those of treatments T1 and T2.After 25 days of shed covering,the total chlorophyll contents of summer tea were T3>T4>T2>T1,which significantly increased by 79.66%,56.13%,28.24%and 17.31%(P<0.05,the same as below)compared with CK,respectively.The tea polyphenols contents were T4T3>T2>T1,which significantly increased by 14.67%,10.67%,5.78%and 4.00%compared with CK,respectively.The proportion of essential amino acids in amino acid components were T4>T2>T1>T3,which were 2.85%,2.75%,1.77%and 1.59%higher than that of CK,respectively.The ratio of tea polyphenol to amino acid were T4T4>T1>T3,which significantly increased by 13.74%,12.73%,10.01%and 8.31%compared with CK,respectively.The water extract contents were T4>T2>T3>T1.In comparison with CK,the water extract contents of T4 and T2 tr

关 键 词：夏茶 遮阴模式 茶园生境 综合品质 广西 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]